SOMACLONAL VARIATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM PROPAGATED in vitro FROM DIFFERENT EXPLANTS TYPES
Natalia Miler
University of Technology and Life Sciences in BydgoszczMałgorzata Zalewska
University of Technology and Life Sciences in BydgoszczAbstract
In order to find a more efficient source of somaclones we performed a regeneration of adventitious shoots from two explant types, leaves and internodes, in eight
chrysanthemum cultivars representing three groups consisted of original cultivars and their radiomutants. After the in vitro regeneration and growth, plants were transferred to the glasshouse and the phenotypes at anthesis were observed. Three new, attractive variants with changed inflorescence colours were obtained from two cultivars (‘Albugo’ and ‘Alchimist Tubular’) from leaf explants. The frequency of somaclones was 1.1% for ‘Albugo’ and 5.4% for ‘Alchimist Tubular’. The analysis of pigment content in ligulate florets revealed the presence of carotenoids in somaclones, while in control plants they were lacking. The genetic distinctiveness of new somaclones was corroborated with the estimation of the genetic similarity coefficients based on RAPD-PCR technique. Somaclones retained their phenotypes during subsequent vegetative propagations.
Keywords:
chimerism, adventitious shoots, genetic similarity, RAPDReferences
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Broertjes C., Keen A., 1980. Adventitous buds: do they develop from one cell? Euphytica 29, 73–87.
Bush S.R., Earle E.D., Langhans R.W., 1976. Plantlets from petal segments, petal epidermis, and shoot tips of the periclinal chimera Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Indianapolis’. Am. J. Bot. 63, 729–737.
Chattarjee J., Mandal A.K.A., Ranade S.A., Teixeira da Silva J.A., Datta S.K., 2006. Molecular systematic in Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura. Sci. Hortic. 110, 373–378.
Fukai S., Goi M., Tanaka M., 1994. The chimeric structure of the apical dome of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.) is affected by cryopreservation. Sci. Hortic. 57, 347–351.
Harborne J.B., 1967. Comparative biochemistry of the flavonoids. Academic Press, London.
Jerzy M., Zalewska M., 1997. Flower colour recurrence in chrysanthemum and gerbera mutants propagated in vitro with meristems and leaf explants. Acta Hortic. 417, 611–614.
Karp A., 1995. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Euphytica 85, 295–302.
Kengkarj P., Smitamana P., Fujime Y., 2008. Assessment of somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Kitam.) using RAPD and morphological analysis. Plant. Tissue Cult. Biotechnol. 18, 139–149.
Khalid N., Davey R.D., Power J.B., 1989. An assessment of somaclonal variation in Chrysanthemum morifolium: the generation of plants of potential commercial value. Sci. Hortic. 38, 287–294.
Langton F.A., 1980. Chimerical structure and carotenoid inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.). Euphytica 29, 807–812.
Larkin P.J., Scowcroft W.R., 1981. Somaclonal variation – a novel source of variability from cell cultures for crop improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60, 197–214.
Lema-Rumińska J., Zalewska M., Sadoch M., 2004. Radiomutants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) of the Lady group: RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity. Plant Breed. 123, 290–293.
Malaure R.S., Barclay G., Power J.B., Davey M.R., 1991. The production of novel plants from florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium using tissue culture. 1. Shoot regeneration from ray florets and somaclonal variation exhibited by the regenerated plants. J. Plant Physiol. 139, 8–13.
Martin C., Gonzales-Benito M.E., 2005. Survival and genetic stability of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev shoot apices after cryopreservation by vitrification and encapsulationdehydratation. Cryobiology 51, 281–289.
Martin C., Uberhuaga E., Perez C., 2002. Application of RAPD markers in the characterization of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation. Euphytica 127, 247–253.
Miñano H.S., Gonzalez-Benito M.E., Martin C., 2009. Molecular characterization and analysis of somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum cultivars using RAPD markers. Sci. Hortic. 122, 238–243.
Murashige T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.
Nei M., Li W.S., 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction nucleases. Proc. Natl. Sci. 76(10), 5269–5273.
RHSCC, 1966. Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, London.
Shibata M., Kishimoto S., Hirai M., Aida R., Ikeda I., 1998. Analysis of the periclinal structure of chrysanthemum sports by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Acta Hortic. 454, 347–353.
Stewart R.N., Dermen H., 1970. Somatic genetic analysis of the apical layers of chimera sports in chrysanthemum by experimental production of adventitious shoots. Am. J. Bot. 57, 1061–1071.
Schum A., 2003. Mutation breeding in ornamentals: an efficient breeding method? Acta Hortic. 612, 47–60.
Welsh J., McClelland M., 1990. Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 7213–7218.
Wettstein D., 1957. Chlorophyll-letale und der submikroskopische Formwechsel der Plastiden. Exp. Cell Res. 12, 427–487.
Williams J.G.K., Kubelik A.R., Livak J.L., Rafalski J.A., Tingey S.V., 1990. DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 6531–6535.
Wolff K., 1996. RAPD analysis of sporting and chimerism in chrysanthemum. Euphytica 89, 159–164.
Van de Peer Y., De Wachter Y., 1994. TREECON for Windows: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment. Comput. App. Biosci. 10, 569–70.
Van Harten A.M., 1998. Mutation breeding. Theory and practical applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Yamaguchi H., Shimizu A., Hase Y., Degi K., Tanaka A., Morishita T., 2009. Mutation induction with ion beam irradiation of lateral buds of chrysanthemum and analysis of chimeric structure of induced mutants. Euphytica 165, 97–103.
Zalewska M., Lema-Rumińska J., Miler N., 2007. In vitro propagation using adventitious buds technique as a source of new variability in chrysanthemum. Sci. Hortic. 113, 70–73.
Zalewska M., Tymoszuk A., Miler N., 2011. New chrysanthemum cultivars as a result of in vitro mutagenesis with the application of different explant types. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(2), 109–123.
Broertjes C., Keen A., 1980. Adventitous buds: do they develop from one cell? Euphytica 29, 73–87.
Bush S.R., Earle E.D., Langhans R.W., 1976. Plantlets from petal segments, petal epidermis, and shoot tips of the periclinal chimera Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Indianapolis’. Am. J. Bot. 63, 729–737.
Chattarjee J., Mandal A.K.A., Ranade S.A., Teixeira da Silva J.A., Datta S.K., 2006. Molecular systematic in Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura. Sci. Hortic. 110, 373–378.
Fukai S., Goi M., Tanaka M., 1994. The chimeric structure of the apical dome of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.) is affected by cryopreservation. Sci. Hortic. 57, 347–351.
Harborne J.B., 1967. Comparative biochemistry of the flavonoids. Academic Press, London.
Jerzy M., Zalewska M., 1997. Flower colour recurrence in chrysanthemum and gerbera mutants propagated in vitro with meristems and leaf explants. Acta Hortic. 417, 611–614.
Karp A., 1995. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Euphytica 85, 295–302.
Kengkarj P., Smitamana P., Fujime Y., 2008. Assessment of somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Kitam.) using RAPD and morphological analysis. Plant. Tissue Cult. Biotechnol. 18, 139–149.
Khalid N., Davey R.D., Power J.B., 1989. An assessment of somaclonal variation in Chrysanthemum morifolium: the generation of plants of potential commercial value. Sci. Hortic. 38, 287–294.
Langton F.A., 1980. Chimerical structure and carotenoid inheritance in Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.). Euphytica 29, 807–812.
Larkin P.J., Scowcroft W.R., 1981. Somaclonal variation – a novel source of variability from cell cultures for crop improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60, 197–214.
Lema-Rumińska J., Zalewska M., Sadoch M., 2004. Radiomutants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) of the Lady group: RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity. Plant Breed. 123, 290–293.
Malaure R.S., Barclay G., Power J.B., Davey M.R., 1991. The production of novel plants from florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium using tissue culture. 1. Shoot regeneration from ray florets and somaclonal variation exhibited by the regenerated plants. J. Plant Physiol. 139, 8–13.
Martin C., Gonzales-Benito M.E., 2005. Survival and genetic stability of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev shoot apices after cryopreservation by vitrification and encapsulationdehydratation. Cryobiology 51, 281–289.
Martin C., Uberhuaga E., Perez C., 2002. Application of RAPD markers in the characterization of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation. Euphytica 127, 247–253.
Miñano H.S., Gonzalez-Benito M.E., Martin C., 2009. Molecular characterization and analysis of somaclonal variation in chrysanthemum cultivars using RAPD markers. Sci. Hortic. 122, 238–243.
Murashige T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497.
Nei M., Li W.S., 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction nucleases. Proc. Natl. Sci. 76(10), 5269–5273.
RHSCC, 1966. Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, London.
Shibata M., Kishimoto S., Hirai M., Aida R., Ikeda I., 1998. Analysis of the periclinal structure of chrysanthemum sports by random amplified polymorphic DNA. Acta Hortic. 454, 347–353.
Stewart R.N., Dermen H., 1970. Somatic genetic analysis of the apical layers of chimera sports in chrysanthemum by experimental production of adventitious shoots. Am. J. Bot. 57, 1061–1071.
Schum A., 2003. Mutation breeding in ornamentals: an efficient breeding method? Acta Hortic. 612, 47–60.
Welsh J., McClelland M., 1990. Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 7213–7218.
Wettstein D., 1957. Chlorophyll-letale und der submikroskopische Formwechsel der Plastiden. Exp. Cell Res. 12, 427–487.
Williams J.G.K., Kubelik A.R., Livak J.L., Rafalski J.A., Tingey S.V., 1990. DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 6531–6535.
Wolff K., 1996. RAPD analysis of sporting and chimerism in chrysanthemum. Euphytica 89, 159–164.
Van de Peer Y., De Wachter Y., 1994. TREECON for Windows: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment. Comput. App. Biosci. 10, 569–70.
Van Harten A.M., 1998. Mutation breeding. Theory and practical applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Yamaguchi H., Shimizu A., Hase Y., Degi K., Tanaka A., Morishita T., 2009. Mutation induction with ion beam irradiation of lateral buds of chrysanthemum and analysis of chimeric structure of induced mutants. Euphytica 165, 97–103.
Zalewska M., Lema-Rumińska J., Miler N., 2007. In vitro propagation using adventitious buds technique as a source of new variability in chrysanthemum. Sci. Hortic. 113, 70–73.
Zalewska M., Tymoszuk A., Miler N., 2011. New chrysanthemum cultivars as a result of in vitro mutagenesis with the application of different explant types. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(2), 109–123.
Natalia Miler
University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz
University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz
Małgorzata Zalewska
University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz
University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz
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