CO2 ENRICHMENT AND MYCORRHIZAL EFFECTS ON CUTTING GROWTH AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CUTTINGS DURING ROOTING
Joanna Nowak
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PolandJacek S. Nowak
Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, PolandAbstract
Propagation conditions of bedding plants can eliminate or reduce the possibility of AMF inoculation of the root system during greenhouse production. Due to the ability of AMF to increase plant growth the effects of AMF and CO2 enrichment on rooting and some physiological traits of geranium and osteospermum cuttings were investigated. AMF and CO2 enrichment increased leaf number and fresh and dry weights of osteospermum shoots. Mycorrhization also significantly increased the length and fresh and dry weights of osteospermum roots formed in CO2 enriched atmosphere but it did not affect root system developed in ambient atmosphere. AMF increased the length and fresh weight of geranium roots, irrespectively of CO2 concentration, and dry weight of roots in CO2 enriched
atmosphere. Transpiration and stomatal conductance values were higher in inoculated osteospermum at higher CO2 concentration. Mycorrhization and CO2 enrichment increased photosynthetic activity of garden geranium leaves and this effect was connected with the increased ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm).
Keywords:
osteospermum, garden geranium, transpiration, stomatal conductivity, assimilation rateReferences
Augé R.M., 2001. Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza 11, 3–42.
Bécard G., Douds D.D., Pfeffer P.E., 1992. Extensive in vitro hyphal growth of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in presence of CO2 and flavenols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 821–825.
Bécard G., Piché Y., 1989. Fungal growth stimulation by CO2 and root exudates in vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 2320–2325.
Black K.G., Mitchell D.T., Osborne B.A., 2000. Effect of mycorrhizal-enhanced leaf phosphorus status on carbon partitioning, translocation and photosynthesis in cucumber. Plant Cell Environ. 23, 797–809.
Davis T.D., Potter J.R., 1983. High CO2 applied to cuttings: Effects on rooting and subsequent growth of ornamental species. HortSci. 18, 194–196.
Fitter A.H., 1991. Costs and benefits of mycorrhiza: Implications for functioning under natural conditions. Experientia 47, 350–355.
Germida J.J., Walley F.L., 1996. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria alter rooting patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization of field-grown spring wheat. Biol. Fertil. Soils 23, 113–120.
Giovanetti M., Mosse B., 1980. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol. 84, 489–500.
Jakobsen I., Rosendahl L., 1990. Carbon flow into soil and external hyphae from roots of mycorrhizal cucumber plants. New Phytol. 115, 77–83.
Jarvis A.J., Davies W.J., 1998. The coupled response of stomatal conductance to photosynthesis and transpiration. J. Exp. Bot. 49, 399–406.
Koide R.T., 1991. Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol. 117, 365–386.
Lichtenthaler H.K, Buschman C., Rinderle U.. Schmuck G., 1986. Application of chlorophyll fluorescence in ecophysiology. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. Res. 5, 139–157.
Mathur N., Vyas A., 1995. Influence of VA mycorrhizae on net photosynthesis and transpiration of Ziziphus mauritiana. J. Plant Physiol. 147, 328–330.
Morison J.I.L., 1985. Sensitivity of stomata and water use efficiency to high CO2. Plant Cell Environ. 8, 467–474.
Mosse B., 1973. Advances in study of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 11, 171–196.
Olesniewicz K.S., Thomas R.B., 1999. Effects of mycorrhizal colonization on biomass production and nitrogen fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoaccacia) seedlings grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. New Phytol. 142, 133–140.
Phillips J.M., Hayman D.S., 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 55, 150–160.
Radin J.W., 1984. Stomatal responses to water stress and to abscisic acid in phosphorus-deficient cotton plants. Plant Physiol. 76, 392–394.
Ruiz-Lozano J.M., Azcón R., Gomez M., 1995. Effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal Glomus species on drought tolerance : physiological and nutritional plant responses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 456–460.
Scagel C.F., 2001. Cultivar specific effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the rooting miniature rose cuttings. J. Environ. Hort. 19, 15–20.
Scagel F.C., Reddy K., Armstrong J.M., 2003. Mycorrhizal fungi in rooting substrate influences the quantity and quality of roots on stem cuttings of hik’s yew. HortTech. 13, 62–66.
Staddon P.L., Fitter A.H., 1999. Does elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide affect arbuscular mycorrhizas? Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 455–458.
Staddon P.L., Fitter A.H., Graves J.D., 1999a. Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on mycorrhizal colonization, external mycorrhizal hyphal production and phosphorus inflow on Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens in association with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mossae. Glob. Change Biol. 5, 347–358.
Staddon P.L., Fitter A.H., Robinson D., 1999b. Effects of mycorrhizal colonization and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on carbon fixation and below-ground carbon partitioning in Plantago lanceolata. J. Exp. Bot. 50, 835–860.
Syvertsen J.P., Graham J.H., 1990. Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and leaf age on net gas exchange of Citrus leaves. Plant Physiol. 94, 1424–1428.
Wright D.P., Scholes J.D., Read D.J., 1998. Effects of VA mycorrhizal colonization on photosynthesis and biomass production of Trifolium repens. Plant Cell Environ. 21, 209–216.
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, Poland
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
