FUNGI THREATENING SCORZONERA (Scorzonera hispanica L.) CULTIVATION USING PLANT MULCHES
Elżbieta Patkowska
University of Life Sciences in LublinMirosław Konopiński
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
Scorzonera hispanica is a rich source of inulin – a glycoside which has a positive effect on human and animal organisms. The paper presents studies on fungi threatening the cultivation of scorzonera. Soil mulching with intercrop cover crops such as oats, tansy phacelia and spring vetch had a positive effect on the population and healthiness of the seedlings and the roots of the studied plant. The following fungi were most frequently isolated from the infected underground organs of scorzonera: Alternaria alternata, A. scorzonerae, Botrytis cinerea, Cylindrocarpon didymum, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Among the applied mulching plants, oats proved to be the most effective in inhibiting the occurrence of the enumerated fungi species.
Keywords:
cover crops, oats, spring vetch, tansy phacelia, soil-borne phytopathogensReferences
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Patkowska E., Konopiński M., 2011. Cover crops and soil-borne fungi dangerous towards the cultivation of salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius var. sativus (Gaterau) Br.). Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(2), 167–181.
Pięta D., Kęsik T., 2007. The effect of conservation tillage on microorganism communities in the soil under onion cultivation. EJPAU, Horticulture, 10(1). www.ejpau.media.pl
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Sainju U.M., Singh B.P., Whitehead W.F., 2002. Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA. Soil Till. Res. 63, 167–79.
Sałata B., Rudnicka-Jezierska W., 1979. Grzyby (Mycota). T. 12. PWN, Warszawa–Kraków.
Santos P., Nunez J.J., Davis R.M., 2000. Influence of gibberellic acid on carrot growth and severity of Alternaria leaf blight. Plant Dis. 84(5), 555–8.
Tylkowska K., Van Der Bulk R.W., 2001. Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Tech. 29, 365–75.
Wierzbicka B., 2000. Skorzonera. In: Polowa uprawa warzyw, Orłowski M. (ed.), Wyd. Brasika, Szczecin, 285–289.
Wyland L.J., Jackson L.E., Chaney W.E., Klonsky K., Koike S.T., Kimple B., 1996. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 59, 1–17.
Ben-Noon E., Shtienberg D., Shlevin E., Vintal H., Dinoor A., 2001. Optymization of chemical suppression of Alternaria dauci, the causal agent of Alternaria leaf blight in carrots. Plant Dis. 85(11), 1149–56.
Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2003. Zmiany kształtu korzeni pietruszki pod wpływem uprawy zerowej i mulczów roślinnych. Acta Agroph. 2(3), 489–97.
Błażewicz-Woźniak M., Kęsik T., Konopiński M., 2001. Reakcja roślin warzywnych na różne metody uproszczeń w uprawie roli. Acta Agroph. 58, 5–16.
Booth G., 1971. The genus Fusarium. Mycol. Papers. CYM, England.
Boumann D.T., Kropff M.J., Bastiaans L., 2000. Intercropping leeks to suppress weeds. Blackwell Sci. Ltd. Weed Res. 40, 359–74.
Bralewski T.W., Hołubowicz R., Szopińska D., 2004. Effect of chemical scarification on germination and state of health of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds. Folia Hort. 16/1, 39–45.
Desjardins A.E., Proctor R.H., 2007. Molecular biology of Fusarium mycotoxins. Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 119, 47–50.
De Vries A.G., 1952. Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Cladosporium Link ex Fr. Baarn Hitgeverij & Drukkeryij, Holandia.
Dolota A., Dąbrowska B., 2004a. The nutritive value of the leaves of several scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) cultivars. Folia Univ. Agric. Stetin., Agric. 239(95), 63–8.
Dolota A., Dąbrowska B., 2004b. Raw fibre and inulin content in roots of different scorzonera cultivars (Scorzonera hispanica L.) depending on cultivation method. Folia Hort. 16/1, 31–7.
Domsch K.H., Gams W., 1970. Pilze aus Agroboden. G. Fischer, Verlag, Stuttgart.
Elllis M.B., 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphmycetes. Como. Mycol. Inst. Kew, Surr., England.
Erenstein O., 2002. Crop residue mulching in tropical and semi-tropical countries: An evaluation of residue availability and other technological implications. Soil Till. Res. 67, 115–33.
Gillman J.C., 1957. A manual of soil fungi. The Iowa State Coll. Press, USA, 450.
Kęsik T., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., Konopiński M., 2000a. Wpływ sposobu uprawy roli oraz stosowania roślin okrywowych na wielkość i jakość plonu korzeni marchwi. Zesz. Nauk. AR w Krakowie 71, 113–16.
Kęsik T., Konopiński M., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2000b. Weed infestation and field of onion and carrot under no-tillage cultivation using four cover crops. Annales AFPP, Dijon, France, 437–44.
Kęsik T., Konopiński M., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., 2006. Wpływ uprawy przedzimowej i mulczu z roślin okrywających na retencje wody, zagęszczenie i porowatość dyferencyjną gleby po przezimowaniu. Acta Agroph. 7(4), 915–26.
Koo H.N., Hong S.H., Seo H.G., Yoo T.S., Lee K.N., Kim N.S., Kim C.H., Kim H.M., 2003. Inulin stimulates NO synthesis via activation of PKC-alpha and protein tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of NF-kappa B by IFN-gamma-primed RAW 264.7 cells. J. Nutr. Biochem. 14(10), 598–605.
Labuda R., Tancinova D., 2006. Fungi recovered from Slovakian poultry feed mixtures and their toxinogenity. Annal. Agric. Environ. Med. 13(2), 193–200.
Leslie J.F., Summerell B.A., 2006. The Fusarium laboratory manual. Blackwell Profesional Publish., Ames, Iowa, USA.
Loerakker W.M., 1984. A rare leaf spot disease of Scorzonera hispanica, caused by Alternaria scorzonerae (Aderhold) comb. nov. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 9(1), 35–9.
Marcinkowska J., 2003. Oznaczanie rodzajów grzybów ważnych w patologii roślin. Fundacja „Rozwój SGGW”, Warszawa, 328 pp.
Nawrocki J., 2005. Podatność siewek różnych odmian pietruszki korzeniowej na porażenie przez patogeny grzybowe. Acta Agrobot. 58(2), 163–70.
Oktaba W., 1987. Metody statystyki matematycznej w doświadczalnictwie. PWN, Warszawa.
Patkowska E, Konopiński M., 2008. Pathogenicity of selected soil-borne microorganisms for the seedlings of scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.). Folia Hort. 20/1, 31–42.
Patkowska E., Konopiński M., 2011. Cover crops and soil-borne fungi dangerous towards the cultivation of salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius var. sativus (Gaterau) Br.). Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(2), 167–181.
Pięta D., Kęsik T., 2007. The effect of conservation tillage on microorganism communities in the soil under onion cultivation. EJPAU, Horticulture, 10(1). www.ejpau.media.pl
Raiłło J.A., 1950. Griby roda Fusarium. Moskwa.
Ramirez C., 1982. Manual and atlas of the Penicillia. Elsevier Biomed. Press. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford.
Raper K.B., Thom C., Fennel D.J., 1968. A manual of the Penicillium. Hafner Publish. Co., New York.
Rifai M.A., 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Comm. Mycol. Inst. W. Surr., England.
Sainju U.M., Singh B.P., Whitehead W.F., 2002. Long-term effects of tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization on organic carbon and concentrations in sandy loam soils in Georgia, USA. Soil Till. Res. 63, 167–79.
Sałata B., Rudnicka-Jezierska W., 1979. Grzyby (Mycota). T. 12. PWN, Warszawa–Kraków.
Santos P., Nunez J.J., Davis R.M., 2000. Influence of gibberellic acid on carrot growth and severity of Alternaria leaf blight. Plant Dis. 84(5), 555–8.
Tylkowska K., Van Der Bulk R.W., 2001. Effects of osmo- and hydropriming on fungal infestation levels and germination of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds contaminated with Alternaria spp. Seed Sci. Tech. 29, 365–75.
Wierzbicka B., 2000. Skorzonera. In: Polowa uprawa warzyw, Orłowski M. (ed.), Wyd. Brasika, Szczecin, 285–289.
Wyland L.J., Jackson L.E., Chaney W.E., Klonsky K., Koike S.T., Kimple B., 1996. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: Impacts on nitrate leaching, soil water, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 59, 1–17.
Elżbieta Patkowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Mirosław Konopiński
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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