Abstract
The experiment assess the effectiveness of two mineral oils: Sunspray 850 EC (85% mineral oil) and Sunspray Ultra-Fine (98.8% mineral oil) on tulip ‘Leen van der Mark’ fields. Tulip plants were sprayed once a week for three weeks. Mineral oils were applied at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. The oil preparations did not negatively affect the length of flower shoot and tepals of tulips grown in field. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed on leaves, however their color was altered. In all combinations protected using oils, the number of plants with virus symptoms on petals was lower than for control. No decrease in the commercial and the first choice bulb yields due to the mineral oils application were recorded. Mineral oils applied at concentration up to 2.0% had no negative contribution on the quality of produced tulip flowers. Despite of the selection made in the field, from 60 to 73% plants showed virus symptoms in control combination during plant forcing. Efficiency of oils in reducing the spread of viruses depended on the year of study and oil type. The best effects were achieved using Sunspray 850 EC at 1.5% concentration (26% virus-infected plants). The oil preparations, despite of high efficiency in reducing the virus spread, did not guarantee a full protection in the field in any year of study.
References
Asjes, C.J. (1980a). The application of mineral oil to control the spread of hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinthus. Part 1. Bloembollencultuur, 90(51), 1396–1397.
Asjes, C.J. (1980b). The application of mineral oil to control the spread of hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinthus. Part 2. Bloembollencultuur, 91(1), 16–17.
Asjes, C.J. (1991). Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus, lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils, synthetic pyrethroids, and a
nematicide in the Netherands. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 97, 129–138.
Asjes, C.J., Piron, P.G.M., van Oosten, A.M. (1996). Control review of air-borne tulip breaking virus and lily symptomless virus in lilium in the Netherlands. Acta
Hortic. 432. 290–297.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J. (2001). Control of aphid-vectored and thrips-borne virus spread in lily, tulip, iris and dahlia by sprays of mineral oil, polydimethylsiloxane and pyrethroid insecticide in the field. Ann. Appl. Biol., 139, 11–19.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J. (2002). Control of aphid vector spread of Lily SymptomlessVirus and Lily Mottle Virus by mineral oil/insecticide sprays in Lilium.
Acta Hortic., 570, 277–281.
Damavandian, M.R., Moosavi, S.F.K. (2014). Comparison of mineral spray oil, Confidor, Dursban, and Abamectin used for the control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), and an evaluation of the activity of this pest in citrus orchards in northern Iran. J. Plant Prot. Res., 54(2), 156–163.
Dekker, E.L., Derks, A.F.L.M., Asjes, C.J., Lemmers, M.E.C., Bol, J.F., Langefeld, S.A. (1993). Characterization of potyviruses from tulip and lily which cause
flower-breaking. J. Gen. Virol., 74, 881–887.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A. (2004). Comparison of two mineral oils on photosynthesis andrespiration of tomato. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Roślin, 44(1), 99–103.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A., Bednarek, A. (2003). Influence of mineral oil Sunspray 850 (Ultra Fine) on gass exchange of rose leaves. Prog. Plant Prot./Post.
Ochr. Roślin, 43(2), 648–650.
Hammond, J., Chastagner, G.A. (1989). Field transmission of tulip breaking virus and serologicaly related potyviruses in tulip. Plant Dis., 73, 331–336.
Khodorova, N., Boitel-Conti, M. (2013). The role of temperature in the growth and flowering of geophytes. Plants, 2, 699–711.
Kusaba, T, Nahata, K., Naruse, H. (1974). The growth stage of tulips and their susceptibility to tulip breaking virus. Assoc. Plant Prot. Hokuriku, 93–96 (in Japanese).
Lesnaw, J.A., Ghabrial, S.A. (2000). Tulip Breaking: past, present, and future. Plant Dis., 84(10), 1052–1060.
Marcinek, B., Hetman, J., Kozak, D. (2013). Influence of cultivation method and bulbs planting depth on the growth and yield of tulips. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum
Cultus, 12(5), 97–110.
Milošević, D., Stamenković, S., Perić, P. (2012). Potential use of insecticides and mineral oils for the control of transmission of major aphid-transmitted potato viruses.
Pestic. Phytomed (Belgrade), 27(2), 97–106.
Mizell, R.F. (1991). Phytoxicity of Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray oil® and Safer Insecticidal Concentrate® Soap on selected ornamental plants in summer in north Florida
and south Georgia. J. Arboric. 17(8), 208–210.
Mowat, W.P. (1995). Tulip. In: Virus and virus-like diseases of bulb and flower crops. Loebenstein, G., Lawson, R.H., Brunt, A.A. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons,
Chichester–New York–Bribone–Toronto–Singapore, 352–383.
Polder, G., van der Heijden, G.W.A.M., van Doorn, J., Clevers, J.G.P.W., van Der Schoor, R., Baltissen, A.H.M.C. (2010). Detection of the tulip breaking virus (TBV) in tulips using optical sensor. Precision Agric. DOI: 10.1007/s11119-010-9169-2.
Rae, D.J. (2002). Use of spray oils with synthetic insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. In: Spray oils – beyond 2000, Beattie, G.A.C., Watson, D.M., Stevens, M.L., Rae, D.J., Spooner-Hart (eds). University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, 248–284.
Romanow, L.R., van Eijk, J.P., Eikelboom W. (1986). Investigating resistance in tulip breaking virus and to its transmission. Acta Hortic. 177, 235–239.
Sochacki, D. (2007). Detection of TBV virus in tulip species and their cultivars. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 517, 705–710.
Sochacki, D. (2013). The occurrence of the viruses in tulip crops in Poland. J. Hort. Res., 21(1) 5–9.
Sochacki, D., Podwyszyńska, M. (2012). Virus eradication in narcissus and tulip by chemoterapy. Floric. Ornam. Biotechnol., 6(2), 114–121.
Soika, G., Łabanowski, G., Chałańska, A. (2008). Usefulness of parafin oil to control of pests of ornamental trees and shrubs. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl.,
48(2), 734–741.
Tan, L.B., Sarafis, V., Beattie, G.A.C., White, R., Darley, E.M., Spooner-Hart, R. (2005). Localization and movement of mineral oil in plants by fluorescence and
confocal microscopy. J. Exp. Bot., 56(420), 2755–2763.
Thomsen, A., (1980). Infection trials with tulip mosaic virus. Acta Hortic. 109, 469–471.
Wilson, C.R. (1999). The potential of reflective mulching in combination with insecticide aprays for control of aphid-borne viruses of iris and tulip in Tasmania. Ann.
Appl. Biol., 134, 293–297.
Wróbel, S. (2006). Role of mineral oil in potato protection against aphids and viral infection. Acta Sci. Pol. Agric., 5(1), 83–92.
Wróbel, S. (2008). Dynamics of aphids occurrence in natural conditions after application of various oil substances. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 48(4), 1383–1387.
Wróbel, S. (2011a). Adjuvants in seed potato protection against PVY and PVM infection. Biul. IHAR, 259, 251–262
Wróbel, S. (2011b). The influence of mineral oil and insecticide mixtures on the occurrence dynamics of aphids on potato plants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl.,
51(2), 625–629.
Wróbel, S., Urbanowicz, J. (2007). Reaction of 9 potato cultivars to mineral and plan adjuvants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 47(2), 375–379.
Yamaguchi, A., Hirai, T. (1967). Symptom expression and virus multiplication in tulip petals. Phytopathology, 57, 91–92.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
