Abstract
The harvest date is crucial for the storability of autumn apple cultivars like ’Šampion’ and winter apples cultivars like ‘Ligol’ intended for long storage. Only apples
picked at the optimum maturity stage are suitable for storage over 3 months because of better storage potential and organoleptic quality. The research was conducted in the cold storage facility and laboratory of the Department of Pomology of the Poznan University of Life Sciences between 1999 and 2006 and was designed to evaluate and determine the sum of accumulative temperatures for both cultivars. Fruits were collected every 4–5 days starting some weeks before the estimated OHD. Maturity at harvest was evaluated in terms of firmness, TSS, starch disintegration, ground colour and titrable acidity. There were 3–4 main harvests from which fruits were stored in a cold storage facility for 3 months. The storability of apples was evaluated after an equal number of days of storage
respectively to their harvest date. The evaluation was based on subjective quality judgments and measurements made after storage. The air temperatures in the orchard were measured every 2 hours. The results obtained from the four loggers provided the basis for the calculation of (a) the average day temperature and (b) the cumulative temperature, for which the values of 0.0°C, 4.0°C, 5.0°C, 10.0°C, and 15.0°C were taken respectively as reference. After eight years of study the optimal value of the SAT for ’Šampion’ was determined at 2550 degrees and for ‘Ligol’ at 2600 degrees with 0°C as the base temperature. The OHD was determined most accurately for both cultivars taking 0°C as the base temperature. The SAT method was recognized as the basis for determining the harvest date of the apple cultivar ‘Šampion’ and ‘Ligol’.
References
Bergh O., 1990. Effect of temperature during the first 42 days following full bloom on apple fruit growth and size at harvest. South Afr. J. Plant Soil 7, 1, 11–18.
Căpraru F.; Zlati C., 2009. Observations regarding yield phenophases of some diseases genetic resistant apple cultivars, in the conditions of Bistrita Region. Lucrări Ştiinţifice, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole Şi Medicină Veterinară, Seria Horticultură (52), 539–544.
Defila C., Clot B. 2001. Phytophenological trends in Switzerland. Internat. J. Biomet., 45 (4) 203–207.
De Jager A., Roelofs F., 1996. Prediction of optimum harvest date of Jonagold. COST 94. The postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables. Proceedings of the meeting of the Working Group on optimum harvest date held in 1994 in Lofthus. Norway, 15–20.
Du Bruille J., Barritt, B.H., 2004: Global Apple Study – A Comparison of Production Practices and Costs of Production in Leading Apple Producing Countries. INTERPOMA. 2004, 5–16.
Gian-Reto W. 2003. Plants in a warmer world. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 6/3 169–185
Gilmore E.C., Rogers J.S. 1958. Heat units as a method of measuring maturity in corn. Agron. J. 50, 611–615.
Hortik H.J., Arnold, C.Y., 1965. Temperature and the rate of development of sweet corn. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 87, 303–312.
Howell J.F., Neven L.G., 2000. Physiological Development Time and Zero Development Temperature of the Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Environ. Entomol., 29, 4, 766–772(7).
Konopacka D., Płocharski W., Zwierz J., 2003. Perception of Apple Quality in Relation to Texture Attributes Proc. Int. Conf. Quality in Chains. Acta Hort. 604,443–448.
Lakatos L., Szabó T., Racskó J., Soltész M., Szabó Z., Nagy J., Nyéki J. 2006. Effects of weather characteristics on blooming dates in an apple gene bank plantation between 1984 and 2001. Internat. J. Hort. Sci. 2006, 12 (2), 37–44
Łysiak G., 1998. Ocena wpływu trzech podkładek na termin osiągania dojrzałości zbiorczej odmian Szampion i Elstar. XXXVII Ogólnopol. Nauk. Konf. Sad., Skierniewice, 116–188.
Łysiak G., 2011. The determination of harvest index of Šampion apples intended for long storage. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 10(3), 273–282.
MacHardy W.E., Gadoury D.M.,1985. Forecasting the seasonal maturation of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology 75, 381–385.
Menzel A., Estrella N., Fabian P., 2001. Spatial and temporal variability of the phenological seasons in Germany from 1951 to 1996. Global Change Biology 7, 657–666.
Mimoun, B. M., DeJong, T.M., 1999. Using the relation between growing degree hours and harvest date to estimate run times for peach. A tree growth and yield simulation model. Acta Hort. 499, 107–114
Monson R.K., Jaeger C.H., Adams W.W., Driggers E., Silver G., Fall R., 1992. The relationships among isoprene emission rate, photosynthesis, and isoprene synthase activity as influenced by temperature. Plant Physiology 98, 1175–1180.
Reissig W.H., Barnard J., Weires R.W., Glass E.H., Dean R.W., 1973. Prediction of Apple Maggot Fly Emergence from Thermal Unit Accumulation. Environ. Entomol., 8, 1, 51–54(4).
Rutkowski K., Miszczak A., Płocharski W., 1996. Optimum harvest date of Jonagold in central Poland COST 94. The postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables. Proceedings of the meeting of the Working Group on optimum harvest date held in 1994 in Lofthus, Norway, 77–82.
Skrzyński J., 1996. Optimum harvest date study of 4 apple cultivars in southern Poland. COST 94. The postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables. Proceedings of the meeting of the Working Group on optimum harvest date held in 1994 in Lofthus, Norway, 61–66.
Spayd S.E., Tarara J.M., Mee D.L., Ferguson J.C., 2002. Separation of Sunlight and temperature Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Berries Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 53 (3), 171–182.
Steiner P.W., 1990. Predicting apple blossom infections by Ervinia amylovora using the MARYBLYT model. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 273, 139–148.
Streif J., 1996. Optimum harvest date for different apple cultivars in the ‘’Bodensee’’ area. COST 94. The postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables. Proceedings of the meeting of the Working Group on optimum harvest date held in 1994 in Lofthus. Norway, 15–20.
Wilkinson B.G., Sharples R.O., 1967. The relationship between time of picking and storage disorders in ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ apple fruit. J. Hort. Sci. 42, 67–82.
Yang S., Logan J., Coffey D.L., 1995. Mathematical formulae for calculation the base temperature for growing degree days. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 74, 61–74.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
