Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
ASPHC Baner

Vol. 21 No. 5 (2022)

Articles

Creating optimal nutrient conditions in soil and plants during the flower induction process of sweet lime (Citrus limettioides) under calcareous soil conditions to increase the yield

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2022.5.1
Submitted: August 14, 2021
Published: 2022-10-28

Abstract

A study was conducted on 6-year-old sweet lime trees on the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) rootstock in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three replications in southern Fars to determine the appropriate time of plant supplementary feeding to increase flower production and the yield in calcareous soils. In 2016 and 2017, 40 trees that had the same planting and growing conditions, were selected to determine the flower induction time. Ten times (22nd of October, 1st, 11th, and 20th November, December, and January), four branches that had a length of 120 cm and a diameter of half a centimeter were selected on each tree in four geographical directions. At each time, the branches of three trees were ringed at a distance of 120 cm from the tip of the branch, and all the leaves were removed. At the time of flower emergence, the number of flowers was counted. The results showed that the flower induction in these trees was in early December. Based on the results of this experiment and previous research in this field, in September 2017, the 7-year-old trees grafted on the Mexican lime rootstock were treated with the foliar application of nitrogen as urea [CO(NH2)2] and zinc as zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations including 0, 3, and 5 g∙L–1, alone and by combination in two separate pieces in a randomized complete-block factorial design including nine treatments and three replications to increase the yield using elements involved in the flowering. At the harvest time, fruit juice, TSS, TA, vitamin C, average fruit weight, and single tree yield were measured. According to the results, the combination of urea and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 5 g∙L–1 led to an increase in the average fruit weight (58 g) and the yield (68 kg) compared to the control.

References

  1. Abdel-Aziz, R.A., El-Azazy, A.M. (2016). Effect of some foliar applications of nutrients on fruit set and yield of Valencia orange trees in newly grown orchards. Egypt. J. Hort., 43(2), 415–426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejoh.2016.3562
  2. Aboutalebi, A., Hassanzadeh, H. (2013). Effects of iron and zinc on Sweet lime (Citrus limmetta) fruit quantity and quality in calcareous soils. Int. J. Farming Allied Sci., 2(18), 675–677.
  3. Akbari Chermahini, S., Moallemi, N., Nabati, D.A., Shafieizargar, A.R. (2007). Winter application of foliar urea can promote some quantitative and qualitative characters of flower and fruit set of Valencia orange trees. J. Food Agric. Environ., 9, 252–255.
  4. Albrigo, L., Syvertsen, N. (2001). What about foliar NPK on citrus? Fluids J., 9(3), 1–3.
  5. Andrews, P.K. (2002). How foliar-applied nutrients affect stresses in perennial fruit plant. Proc. Int. Symp. Foliar Nut. Perennial Fruit Plants, 31, 246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.594.2
  6. Asadi Kangarshahi, A., Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (2008). Decrease of alternate bearing in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) by balance nutrition and urea foliar application. Proc. 11th Int. Citrus Cong. Wuhan, China, pp. 648.
  7. Asadi Kangarshahi, A., Akhlaghi-Amiri, N., Malakouti, M.J., Moradi, B. (2005). The effect of amount and method of zinc sulfate consumption on yield and quality of Unshiu mandarin. J. Soil Water Sci., 21, 1–12 [in Persian].
  8. Asao, S., Ryan, M.G. (2015). Carbohydrate regulation of photosynthesis and respiration from branch girdling in four species of wet tropical rain forest trees. Tree Physiol., 35(6), 608–620. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv025
  9. Behrooznam, B., Hassanpour, A. (2005). Investigation of the effect of nitrogen and zinc on the quantity and quality of Jahrom lemon. Proc. 4th Iranian Cong. Hort. Sci. Mashhad, Ferdowsi Univ., 10–17 November [in Persian].
  10. Bondada, B.R., Syvertsen, J.P., Albrigo, L.G. (2001). Urea nitrogen uptake by Citrus leaves. HortScience, 36(6). https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.36.6.1061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.36.6.1061
  11. Bor, D., Duncan, J., Lee, A.C., Parr, A., Owen, A.M. (2006). Frontal lobe involvement in spatial span: converging studies of normal and impaired function. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.010
  12. Broadley, M.R., White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Zelko, I., Lux, A. (2007). Zinc in plants. New Phytolog., 173(4), 677–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01996.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01996.x
  13. Casanova-Sáez, R., Mateo-Bonmatí, E., Ljung, K. (2021). Auxin metabolism in plants. Cold Spring Harbor Persp. Biol., 13(3), a039867. https://doi.org/ 10.1101/cshperspect.a039867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a039867
  14. Distefano, G., Gentile, A., Hedhly, A., La Malfa, S. (2018). Temperatures during flower bud development affect pollen germination, self‐incompatibility reaction and early fruit development of clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.). Plant Biol., 20(2), 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12656 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12656
  15. Falivene, S. (2016). Citrus leaf nutrient analysis. NSW Department of Primary Industries.
  16. Garcia-Luis, A., Guardiola, J. (2000). Influence of citrus tree internal factors and climatic effects on flowering. Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture, IX Cong., 292–295.
  17. Gawankar, M.S., Haldankar, P.M., Salvi, B.R., Parulekar, Y.R., Dalvi, N.V., Kulkarni, M.M., Nalage, N.A. (2019). Effect of girdling on induction of flowering and quality of fruits in horticultural crops-a review. Adv. Agric. Res. Technol. J., 3, 201–215.‏
  18. Hosseini, Y., Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, H., Rezazadeh, R. (2021). Improving yield and fruit quality of ‘Siyahoo’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) by foliar application of nitrogen and harvest time. Int. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 8(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2020.298925.350
  19. Iglesias, D.J., Manuel Cercós, J.M., Colmenero-Flores, M.A., Naranjo, G.R., Esther Carrera, O.R., Ignacio Lliso, R.M. (2007). Physiology of citrus fruiting. Braz. J. Plant Physiol., 19(4), 333–362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-04202007000400006
  20. Khayyambashi, B., Tadayonnjad, M., Akhvatian Ardakani, A. (2007). Investigation of changes in yield and quality of pomegranate under the influence of zinc, iron and boron. Proc. 5th Iranian Cong. Hort. Sci. Shiraz Univ., 6–12 September.
  21. Kumar, A., Bhuj, B.D., Ram, S., Singh, C.P., Dhar, S., Yadav, R.K. (2021). Crop regulation in fruit crops: a review. Ann. Roman. Soc. Cell Biol., 25(6), 7896–7919.
  22. Lolaei, A., Souri, M.K., Jorjani, S. (2014). The impact of zinc sulfate on the concentration of leaf nutrients and the yield of Citrus sinensis var. Thomson. Plant Ecosyst. Winter, 9(37), 77–84.
  23. Meteorological statistics. (2017). Available: https://data.irimo.ir/ [in Persian].
  24. Micheloud, N.G., Castro, D.C., Buyatti, M.A., Gabriel, P.M., Gariglio, N.F. (2018). Factors affecting phenology of different Citrus varieties under the temperate climate conditions of Santa Fe, Argentina. Rev. Bras. de Frut., 40. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452018315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452018315
  25. Nebauer, S.G.A., García-Luis, C.A., Guardiola, J.L. (2006). Seasonal variation in the competence of the buds of three cultivars from different Citrus species to flower. Trees, 20, 507–514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-006-0066-2
  26. Nishikawa, F., Iwasaki, M., Fukamachi, H., Endo, T. (2013). Leaf removal suppresses citrus Flowering Locus T expression in Satsuma mandarin. Bull. Nat. Fruit Tree Sci., 15, 1–6.
  27. Nishikawa, F., Iwasaki, M., Fukamachi, H., Nonaka, K., Imai, A., Takishita, F., Yano, T., Endo, T. (2012). Fruit bearing suppresses citrus Flowering Locus T expression in vegetative shoots of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 81, 48–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs1.81.48
  28. Razzaq, K., Khan, A.S., Malik, A.U., Shahid, M., Ullah, S. (2013). Foliar application of zinc influences the leaf mineral status, vegetative and reproductive growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. J. Plant Nutr., 36, 1479–1495. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2013.785567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2013.785567
  29. Rikande, J., Mahdavi, A., Akhlaghi, N., Shahabian, M. (2013). Determination of bud differentiation time of three various citrus varieties in-Sari, Iran. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci., 6(5), 292–295.
  30. Ruiz, R., Garcıa-Luis, A., Monerri, C., Guardiola, J.L. (2001). Carbohydrate availability in relation to fruitlet abscission in Citrus. Ann. Bot., 87(6), 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1415
  31. Salem, A.T., Kilany, A.E., Shaker, G. (2004). The influence of N, P, K sources and potassium foliar application on growth and fruit quality of Thompson seedless grapevines. Acta Hort. Int. Soc. Hort. Sci., 640, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.640.18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.640.18
  32. Sedaghatkish, Z., Moallemi, N., Rahemi, M., Mortazavi, S.M.H., Khaleghi, E. (2014). Effects of urea and ZnSO4 on storage and translocation of N and Zn in leaf and fruit of pomegranate cv Rabab-e-Neyriz. Iran. J. Hortic. Sci., 44(4), 469–477. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHS.2013.50371
  33. Srivastava, A.K. (2009). Integrated nutrient management: concept and application in citrus. Tree For. Sci. Biotechnol., 3, 32–58.
  34. Sulistiawati, N.P.A., Kartini, L., Yuliartini, M.S. (2017). Identification of development phases and changes shoots flowering orange Siam plants. Int. J. Life Sci., 1(2), 28–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v2n3.202
  35. Thomas, A., Obreza, K., Morgan, T. (2008). Nutrition of Florida citrus. Soil Water Sci., Dep. Fla. Coop. Ext. Serv. Inst. Food Trees, 100(2), 16–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss478-2008
  36. Thomas, A., Obreza, M., Zekri, A., Edward, M., Rouse, R. (2015). Soil and leaf tissue testing for commercial citrus production. Soil Water Sci., Dep. UF/IFAS Ext., p. 1–10.
  37. Wilkie, J., Sedgley, M., Olesen, T. (2008). Regulation of floral initiation in horticultural trees. J. Exp. Bot., 59, 3215–3228. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern188

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.