Balance of phosphorus in three fertilization systems
Ewa Szara
Stanisław Mercik
Tomasz Sosulski
Abstract
The balance of phosphorus in long term static fertilization experiments carried out uninterruptedly since 1923 at the Experimental Field in Skierniewice in three fertilization systems, namely mineral, organic, organic mineral was performed. Doses of phosphorus in superphosphate and FYM, changes of total P content in 65 cm soil layer and P uptake by crops for five years (1996–2001) were considered in the calculation. Fertilization in the mineral system promotes an increase of phosphorus content in plants and the yield of plants relates to non treated plots. Differences between increased total phosphorus by similar doses of superphosphate in mineral system and organic system were small (180–210 mg P ha-1, respectively). Rye cultivated in monoculture rather than rye cultivated in croping system mostly promotes a decrease of total phosphorus in soil. Percentage recovery of phosphorus from superphosfate was on unlimed soils 20% and on limed soil 15% and from FYM only 10%. P translocations to the deeper layer than 65 cm was very small, namely 3–4%.
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