The effectiveness of herbicides and herbicide-urea mixtures in the cultivation of winter triticale
Irena Brzozowska
Jan Brzozowski
Ireneusz Giermak
Abstract
A field experiment into the cultivation of Bogo variety winter triticale was carried out in 2001–2003 in the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. The aim of the experiment was to determine the efficiency of several herbicides and herbicide and urea combinations. The experiment was carried out in random blocks in 4 replications on medium proper brown soil classified as very good rye complex. The type of herbicide or its combination with urea was the first experimental factor: I. Granstar 75 WG (tribenuron metylu), II. Granstar 75 WG (tribenuron metylu) + Starane 250 EC (fluroksypyr), III. Granstar 75 WG (tribenuron metylu) + Chwastox Extra 300 SL (MCPA), IV. Chwastox Extra 300 SL (MCPA), V. Chwastox Extra 300 SL (MCPA) + Starane 250 EC (fluroksypyr), VI. Aminopielik D 450 SL (2,4-D + dikamba), VII. Mustang 306 SE (florasulam + 2,4-D). Urea fertilization was the second factor (in total 95.0 kg N ha-1): in soil (only granulated in the three following terms: 34.0 kg N ha-1 at the beginning of vegetation; 27.6 kg N ha-1 at the end of reproduction phase and 33.4 kg N ha-1 at the end of culm formation), to soil and foliar application (twice into soil: 34.0 kg N ha-1 at the beginning of vegetation and 16.8 kg N ha-1 at the end of culm formation and twice in to leaves: 27.6 kg N ha-1 at the end of reproduction as 20% urea solution with herbicides and 16.6 kg N ha-1 at the end of culm formation phase as 12% urea solution). Herbicide efficiency was evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, based on the loss of dry matter in the above-ground parts in comparison to the control combinations. Eight weeks after the application of herbicide and herbicide in combination with urea, the highest efficiency was reported for Aminopielik D (on average 84.0%), herbicide combination of Granstar 75 WG + Starane 250 EC (83.5%) and Mustang 306 SE (81.7%). Considerably poorer efficiency was obtained after the application of Chwastox Extra 300 SL (66.7%) and the herbicide combination of Granstar 75 WG + Chwastox Extra 300 SL (72.8%). Application of urea solution in combination with herbicides did not have a significant effect on their efficiency.
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