SELECTION OF SUPERIOR PERSIAN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) FROM SEEDLING ORIGIN IN TURKEY
Yasar Akca
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-TurkeyYusuf Bilgen
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-TurkeySezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Erzurum-TurkeyAbstract
There are seed propagated walnut (Juglans regia L.) populations with the vast genetic variation in different part of Turkey. There are also lots of monoecious and dichogamous genotypes in Turkey due to continuing sexual propagation. This study was conducted to determine genetic variability and to select superior walnut genotypes within seedling population grown in Kemah district in Eastern Anatolia during 2009–2012. In the study over 25.000 walnut trees were examined with high heterozygosis from point of yield (lateral fruitfulness), tolerance to anthracnose, bacterial blight and nut quality parameters. The ratio of lateral fruitfulness of selected genotypes was ranged from 50 to 80%. Leafing time in selected genotypes are found medium group according to international well-known ‘Franquette’ cultivar that is late leafing characteristic. Nut weight, length, diameter (at suture) and shell thickness varied from 11.18 to 15.20 g, 32.55 to 36.62 mm, 31.58 to 36.15 mm and 1.11 to 2.33 mm, respectively. Kernel weight and percentage varied from 6.14 g to 8.00 g and 47.08 to 58.57%. Kernel fat and protein content were between 55.18 to 65.70% and 14.70 to 20.10%, respectively.
Keywords:
Walnut, selection, late leafing, lateral fruitfulness, fruit qualityReferences
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Akça, Y., Ozongun, S. (2004). selection of late leafing, late flowering, laterally fruitful walnut (Juglans regia L.) types in turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 32, 337–342.
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Akça, Y., Ozgen, M., Erturk, U., Ercisli, S. (2012). The effects of AVG and GA3 treatments on pistillate (female) flower abortion in ‘Sebin’ walnut cultivar. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 179–185.
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Anonymous (1994). Description for Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Rome, Italy. Int. Plant Genet. Res. Instit., p. 51.
AOAC (1995). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Washington DC USA.
Arzani, K., Mansouri Ardakan, H., Vezvaei, A. (2008). Morphological variation among Persian walnut (Juglans regia) genotype from central Iran. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 36, 159–168.
Asadian, G.H., Pieber, K. (2005). Morphological variations in walnut varieties of the Mediterranean regions. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 7, 1560–8530.
Aslantas, R. (2006). Identification of superior Walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes in North-eastern Anotolia, Turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 34, 231–237.
Asma, B.M. (2012). Pomological and phenological characterization of promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Malatya, Turkey. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 169–178.
Balci, D., Balta, F., Kazankaya, A., Sen, S.M. (2001). Promising native Walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes of the east Black Sea region of Turkey. J. Am. Pomol. Soc., 55, 204–208.
Beyhan, N., Demir, T. (2006). Selection of promising walnut genotypes in Samsun province in Turkey. J. Agron., 5(3), 435–439.
Ercisli, S. (2004). A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 51, 419–435.
Ercisli, S., Kara, M., Ozturk, I., Sayinci, B., Kalkan, F. (2011). Comparison of some physicomechanical nut and kernel properties of two walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Not. Bot. Horti. Agroboto., 39(2), 227–231.
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Mitrovic, M., Miletic, R., Rakicevic, M., Blagojevic, M., Glisic, I. (2003). Biological and pomological properties of some walnut selections from the native population. Genetika, 39(1), 39–46.
Norouzi, R., Heidari, S., Asgari-Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Shahi-Garahlar, A. (2013). Estimation of phenotypical and morphological differentiation among some selected Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions. Intl. J. Agron. Plant Prod., 4(9), 2438–2445.
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Radivojevic, D.D., Milivojevic, J.M., Oparnica, C.Dj., Vulic, T.B., Djordjevic, B.S., Ercisli, S. (2014). Impact of early cropping on vegetative development, productivity, and fruit quality of Gala and Braeburn apple trees. Turk. J. Agric. For., 38(6), 773–780.
Sahin, I., Akbas, H. (2001). Researches on the technological properties of walnuts gathered from different types and areas (in Turkish). First National Walnut Symposium of Turkey. Tokat-Turkey, 104–114.
Sen, S.M. (1980). Studies on breeding by selection of walnus of north eastern Anatolia and eastern Black Sea region. Ataturk Univ. Erzurum, Turkey.
Sharma, O.C., Sharma, S.D. (2001). Genetic divergence in seedling trees of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for various metric nut and kernel characters in Himachal Paradesh. Sci. Hortic., 88, 163–171.
Simsek, M. (2010). Selection of walnut types with high fruit bearing and quality in Sanliurfa population. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 5(7), 992–996.
Solar, A., Ivancic, A., Stampar, F., Hudina, M. (2002). Genetic resources for walnut (Juglans regia L.) improvement in Slovenia. Evaluation of the largest collection of local genotypes. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 49, 491–501.
Yarilgac, T., Koyuncu, F., Koyuncu, M.A., Kazankaya, A., Sen, S.M. (2001). Some promising walnut selections (Juglans regia L.). Acta Hort., 544, 93–96.
Yerlikaya, C., Yucel, S., Erturk, U., Korukluoglu, M. (2012). Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid composition of Juglans regia L. genotypes and cultivars grown in Turkey. Braz. Arch. Biol. Techn., 55, 677–683.
Zeneli, G., Kola, H., Dida, M. (2005). Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of northern Albania. Sci. Hortic., 105, 91–100.
Akça, Y., Ozongun, S. (2004). selection of late leafing, late flowering, laterally fruitful walnut (Juglans regia L.) types in turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 32, 337–342.
Akça, Y. (2012). Walnut growing. Anıt Pres. Ankara, Turkey.
Akça, Y., Ozgen, M., Erturk, U., Ercisli, S. (2012). The effects of AVG and GA3 treatments on pistillate (female) flower abortion in ‘Sebin’ walnut cultivar. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 179–185.
Ali, M., Ullah, A., Ullah, H., Khan, F., Ibrahim, S.M., Ali, L., Ahmad, S. (2010). Fruit properties and nutritional composition of some walnut cultivars grown in Pakistan Pak. J. Nutr., 9(3), 240–244.
Anonymous (1994). Description for Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Rome, Italy. Int. Plant Genet. Res. Instit., p. 51.
AOAC (1995). Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Washington DC USA.
Arzani, K., Mansouri Ardakan, H., Vezvaei, A. (2008). Morphological variation among Persian walnut (Juglans regia) genotype from central Iran. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 36, 159–168.
Asadian, G.H., Pieber, K. (2005). Morphological variations in walnut varieties of the Mediterranean regions. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 7, 1560–8530.
Aslantas, R. (2006). Identification of superior Walnut (Juglans regia) genotypes in North-eastern Anotolia, Turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 34, 231–237.
Asma, B.M. (2012). Pomological and phenological characterization of promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Malatya, Turkey. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 169–178.
Balci, D., Balta, F., Kazankaya, A., Sen, S.M. (2001). Promising native Walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes of the east Black Sea region of Turkey. J. Am. Pomol. Soc., 55, 204–208.
Beyhan, N., Demir, T. (2006). Selection of promising walnut genotypes in Samsun province in Turkey. J. Agron., 5(3), 435–439.
Ercisli, S. (2004). A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 51, 419–435.
Ercisli, S., Kara, M., Ozturk, I., Sayinci, B., Kalkan, F. (2011). Comparison of some physicomechanical nut and kernel properties of two walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Not. Bot. Horti. Agroboto., 39(2), 227–231.
Ercisli S., Sayinci, B., Kara, M., Yildiz, C., Ozturk, I. (2012). Determination of size and shape features of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars using image processing. Sci. Hortic., 131, 47–55.
Forde, H.I. (1975). Walnut. In: Advances in fruit breeding, Janick, J., Moore, J.N. (eds). West Lafayette, Indiana, Purdue Univ. Press.
Germain, E. (1999). Le Noyer INRA, Bordeaux, France.
Karadag, H., Akca, Y. (2011). Phenological and pomological properties of promising walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from selected native population in Amasya Province. Afr. J. Biotech., 10(74), 16763–16768.
Karimi, H.R., Zamani, Z., Ebadi, A., Fatahi, R. (2009). Morphological diversity of Pistacia species in Iran. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 56, 561–571.
Keles, H., Akca, Y., Ercisli, S. (2014). Selection of promising walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) from inner Anatolia. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(3), 167–173.
Koc, A., Bilgener, S. (2013). Morphological characterization of cherry rootstock candidates selected from Samsun Province in Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For., 37, 575–584.
Mitrovic, M., Miletic, R., Rakicevic, M., Blagojevic, M., Glisic, I. (2003). Biological and pomological properties of some walnut selections from the native population. Genetika, 39(1), 39–46.
Norouzi, R., Heidari, S., Asgari-Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Shahi-Garahlar, A. (2013). Estimation of phenotypical and morphological differentiation among some selected Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions. Intl. J. Agron. Plant Prod., 4(9), 2438–2445.
Pereira, J.A., Oliveira, I., Sousa, A., Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Bento, A., Estevinho, L. (2008). Bioactive properties and chemical composition of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars. Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2103–2111.
Radivojevic, D.D., Milivojevic, J.M., Oparnica, C.Dj., Vulic, T.B., Djordjevic, B.S., Ercisli, S. (2014). Impact of early cropping on vegetative development, productivity, and fruit quality of Gala and Braeburn apple trees. Turk. J. Agric. For., 38(6), 773–780.
Sahin, I., Akbas, H. (2001). Researches on the technological properties of walnuts gathered from different types and areas (in Turkish). First National Walnut Symposium of Turkey. Tokat-Turkey, 104–114.
Sen, S.M. (1980). Studies on breeding by selection of walnus of north eastern Anatolia and eastern Black Sea region. Ataturk Univ. Erzurum, Turkey.
Sharma, O.C., Sharma, S.D. (2001). Genetic divergence in seedling trees of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for various metric nut and kernel characters in Himachal Paradesh. Sci. Hortic., 88, 163–171.
Simsek, M. (2010). Selection of walnut types with high fruit bearing and quality in Sanliurfa population. Int. J. Phys. Sci., 5(7), 992–996.
Solar, A., Ivancic, A., Stampar, F., Hudina, M. (2002). Genetic resources for walnut (Juglans regia L.) improvement in Slovenia. Evaluation of the largest collection of local genotypes. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 49, 491–501.
Yarilgac, T., Koyuncu, F., Koyuncu, M.A., Kazankaya, A., Sen, S.M. (2001). Some promising walnut selections (Juglans regia L.). Acta Hort., 544, 93–96.
Yerlikaya, C., Yucel, S., Erturk, U., Korukluoglu, M. (2012). Proximate composition, minerals and fatty acid composition of Juglans regia L. genotypes and cultivars grown in Turkey. Braz. Arch. Biol. Techn., 55, 677–683.
Zeneli, G., Kola, H., Dida, M. (2005). Phenotypic variation in native walnut populations of northern Albania. Sci. Hortic., 105, 91–100.
Yasar Akca
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-Turkey
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-Turkey
Yusuf Bilgen
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-Turkey
Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat-Turkey
Sezai Ercisli
Ataturk University, Erzurum-Turkey
Ataturk University, Erzurum-Turkey
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