ADAPTATIONS OF Lamium album L. FLOWERS TO POLLINATION BY APOIDEA
Aneta Sulborska
University of Life Sciences in LublinMarta Dmitruk
University of Life Sciences in LublinAgata Konarska
University of Life Sciences in LublinElżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
The presence of ruderal and mid-field vegetation promotes conservation of biodiversity and provides an additional source of food for insect pollinators. The white deadnettle is a common synanthropic plant visited frequently by various groups of insects, as it is a source of pollen and nectar. In 2012–2013, in the city of Lublin (Poland), signalling and food attractants in L. album flowers were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pipetting method was used for determination of nectar abundance in the flowers, and the content of sugars in the nectar was assessed with the use of an Abbe refractometer. It was found that the white dead-nettle flowers emitted a fragrance and were equipped with nectar guides, and the corolla and stamens had glandular trichomes and papillae
secreting essential oils. On the stamens, there are also non-glandular trichomes, which play a role of pollen presenters. The nectary in the L. album flower has a shape of an irregular disc partly surrounding the base of the ovary. The content of sugars in the nectar was 43%. Sugar and honey yields per ha were calculated, and the values obtained were 153 kg and 191 kg, respectively.
Keywords:
white dead-nettle, nectary and nectar, trichomes, pollen presenter, sugar yieldReferences
Beug H-J., 2004. Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebiete. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München.
Bodnarčuk L.I., Solomacha T.D., Illjaš A.M., Solomacha V.D., Gorovyj V.G., 1993. Atlas medonosnych roslyn Ukrainy. Urožaj, Kyiv.
Bosabaldis A.M., Tsekos I., 1982. Glandular scale development and essential oil secretion on Origanum dictamnus L. Planta, 156, 496–504.
Corbet S.A., 2006. A typology of pollination system: implications for crop management and the conservation of wild plants. In: Plant-pollinator interactions: From specialization to generalization, Waser N.M., Ollerton J. (eds.). Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Cozmuta A.M., Bretan L., Cozmuta L.M., Nicula C., Peter A., 2012. Lead traceability along soilmelliferous flora-bee family-apiary products chain. J. Environ. Monit., 14,6, 1622–1630.
Dafni H., Lensky Y., Fahn A., 1988. Flower and nectar characteristics of nine species of Labiateae and their influence on honeybee visits. J. Apicult. Res., 272, 103–114.
Demianowicz Z., 1953. Rośliny miododajne. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Denisow B., Bożek M., 2008. Blooming and pollen production of two Lamium L. species. J. Apic. Sci., 521, 21–30.
Dmitruk M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., 2010. Morphological differentition and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots. Acta Agrobot., 631, 11–22.
Dybova-Jachowicz S., Sadowska A. (eds.), 2003. Palinologia. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera, PAN, Kraków.
Farré-Armengol G., Filella I., Llusia J., Peñuelas J., 2013. Floral volatile organic compounds: Between attraction and deterrence of visitors under global change. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., 15, 56–67.
Fenster C.B., Armbruster W.S., Wilson P., Thomson J.D., Dudash M.R., 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol., 35, 375–403.
Giuliani C., Maleci Bini L., 2008. Insight into the structure and chemistry of glandular trichomes of Labiateae, with emphasis on subfamily Lamioideae. Plant Syst. Evol., 276, 199–208.
Gulyás S., 1967. Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Produktion in den Nektarien einiger Lamium -Arten. Acta Biol. Szeged., 13, 3–10.
Harborne J.B., 1997. Ekologia biochemiczna. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.
Jabłoński B., 1960. Nektarowanie i wydajność miodowa ważniejszych roślin miododajnych w warunkach Polski. Cz I. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 2, 87–105.
Jabłoński B., 1986. Nektarowanie i wydajność miodowa ważniejszych roślin miododajnych w warunkach Polski. Cz V. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 30, 195–205.
Jabłoński B., 2003. Metodyka badań obfitości nektarowania kwiatów i oceny miododajności roślin. Wyd. Oddz. Pszczeln., Inst. Sadown. Kwiac., Puławy.
Jarić S.V., Durdević L.A., Mačukanović-Jocić M.P., Gajić G.M., 2010. Morphometric characteristics and nectar potential of Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese Lamiaceae in relation to microclimatic and edaphic environmental factors. Period. Biol., 1123, 283–291.
Kertesz R., 1996. Stomatal number of the floral nectary of some Fabaceae species in relation to nectar production. International Conf. Reproductive Biology Royal Bot. Gad., London, 38.
Kugler H., 1970. Blütenökologie. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Ladd P.G., 1994. Pollen presenters in the flowering plants–form and function. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 1153, 165–195.
Lamer-Zarawska E., Kowal-Gierczak B., Niedworok J., 2007. Fitoterapia i leki roślinne. Wyd. Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa.
Lye G., Park K., Osborne J., Holland J., Goulson D., 2009. Assessing the value of Rural Stewardship schemes for providing foraging resources and nesting habitat for bumblebee queens Hymenoptera: Apoidea. Biol. Conserv., 14210, 2023–2032.
Mačukanović-Jocić M., Durđević L., 2005. Influence of microclimatic conditions on nectar exudation in Glechoma hirsuta W.K. Arch. Biol. Sci., 572, 119–126.
Mačukanović-Jocić M., Rančić D.V., Dajić Stevanović Z.P., 2007. Floral nectaries of basil Ocimum basilicum: Morphology, anatomy and possible mode of secretion. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73, 636–641.
Maurizio A., Grafl I., 1969. Das Trachtpflanzenbuch. Ehrenwirth Verlag, München.
Pellmyr O., Bergström G., Groth I., 1987. Floral fragrances in Actaea, using differential chromatograms to discern between floral and vegetative volatiles. Phytochemistry, 26, 1603–1606.
Petanidou T., Goethals V., Smets E., 2000. Nectary structure of Labiatae in relation to their nectar secretion and characteristics in a Mediterranean shrub community – does flowering time matter? Plant Syst. Evol., 2251–4, 103–118.
Petanidou T., 2005. Sugars in Mediterranean floral nectars: an ecological and evolutionary approach. J. Chem. Ecol., 315, 1065–1088.
Proctor M., Yeo P., Lack A., 1996. The natural history of pollination. Harper Collins Publish., London, Glasgow, Sydney.
Raguso R.A., 2004. Flowers and sensory billboards: Progress towards an integrated understanding of floral advertisement. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 434–440.
Rutkowski L., 2006. Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.
Schulze W., Zänglein A., Hose S., Kubeczka K.H., Czygan F.C., 1992. Volatiles in flowers of balm Melissa officinalis L. In:. Advances in labiate science, Harley R.M., Reynolds T. (eds.) The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
Stockhorst U., Pietrowsky R., 2004. Olfactory perception, communication, and the nose-to-brain pathway. Physiol. Behav., 83, 3–11.
Vogel S., 1983. Ecophysiology of zoophilic pollination. In: Physiology plant ecology III, Lange O.L., Nobel P.S., Osmond C.B., Ziegler H. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Vosshall L.B., 2000. Olfaction in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 10, 498–503.
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., 2000. Ecological features of flowers including nectary structure of chosen species from Lamiaceae family. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 2, 223–232.
Bodnarčuk L.I., Solomacha T.D., Illjaš A.M., Solomacha V.D., Gorovyj V.G., 1993. Atlas medonosnych roslyn Ukrainy. Urožaj, Kyiv.
Bosabaldis A.M., Tsekos I., 1982. Glandular scale development and essential oil secretion on Origanum dictamnus L. Planta, 156, 496–504.
Corbet S.A., 2006. A typology of pollination system: implications for crop management and the conservation of wild plants. In: Plant-pollinator interactions: From specialization to generalization, Waser N.M., Ollerton J. (eds.). Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Cozmuta A.M., Bretan L., Cozmuta L.M., Nicula C., Peter A., 2012. Lead traceability along soilmelliferous flora-bee family-apiary products chain. J. Environ. Monit., 14,6, 1622–1630.
Dafni H., Lensky Y., Fahn A., 1988. Flower and nectar characteristics of nine species of Labiateae and their influence on honeybee visits. J. Apicult. Res., 272, 103–114.
Demianowicz Z., 1953. Rośliny miododajne. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Denisow B., Bożek M., 2008. Blooming and pollen production of two Lamium L. species. J. Apic. Sci., 521, 21–30.
Dmitruk M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., 2010. Morphological differentition and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots. Acta Agrobot., 631, 11–22.
Dybova-Jachowicz S., Sadowska A. (eds.), 2003. Palinologia. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera, PAN, Kraków.
Farré-Armengol G., Filella I., Llusia J., Peñuelas J., 2013. Floral volatile organic compounds: Between attraction and deterrence of visitors under global change. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst., 15, 56–67.
Fenster C.B., Armbruster W.S., Wilson P., Thomson J.D., Dudash M.R., 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol., 35, 375–403.
Giuliani C., Maleci Bini L., 2008. Insight into the structure and chemistry of glandular trichomes of Labiateae, with emphasis on subfamily Lamioideae. Plant Syst. Evol., 276, 199–208.
Gulyás S., 1967. Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Produktion in den Nektarien einiger Lamium -Arten. Acta Biol. Szeged., 13, 3–10.
Harborne J.B., 1997. Ekologia biochemiczna. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.
Jabłoński B., 1960. Nektarowanie i wydajność miodowa ważniejszych roślin miododajnych w warunkach Polski. Cz I. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 2, 87–105.
Jabłoński B., 1986. Nektarowanie i wydajność miodowa ważniejszych roślin miododajnych w warunkach Polski. Cz V. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 30, 195–205.
Jabłoński B., 2003. Metodyka badań obfitości nektarowania kwiatów i oceny miododajności roślin. Wyd. Oddz. Pszczeln., Inst. Sadown. Kwiac., Puławy.
Jarić S.V., Durdević L.A., Mačukanović-Jocić M.P., Gajić G.M., 2010. Morphometric characteristics and nectar potential of Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese Lamiaceae in relation to microclimatic and edaphic environmental factors. Period. Biol., 1123, 283–291.
Kertesz R., 1996. Stomatal number of the floral nectary of some Fabaceae species in relation to nectar production. International Conf. Reproductive Biology Royal Bot. Gad., London, 38.
Kugler H., 1970. Blütenökologie. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Ladd P.G., 1994. Pollen presenters in the flowering plants–form and function. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 1153, 165–195.
Lamer-Zarawska E., Kowal-Gierczak B., Niedworok J., 2007. Fitoterapia i leki roślinne. Wyd. Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa.
Lye G., Park K., Osborne J., Holland J., Goulson D., 2009. Assessing the value of Rural Stewardship schemes for providing foraging resources and nesting habitat for bumblebee queens Hymenoptera: Apoidea. Biol. Conserv., 14210, 2023–2032.
Mačukanović-Jocić M., Durđević L., 2005. Influence of microclimatic conditions on nectar exudation in Glechoma hirsuta W.K. Arch. Biol. Sci., 572, 119–126.
Mačukanović-Jocić M., Rančić D.V., Dajić Stevanović Z.P., 2007. Floral nectaries of basil Ocimum basilicum: Morphology, anatomy and possible mode of secretion. S. Afr. J. Bot., 73, 636–641.
Maurizio A., Grafl I., 1969. Das Trachtpflanzenbuch. Ehrenwirth Verlag, München.
Pellmyr O., Bergström G., Groth I., 1987. Floral fragrances in Actaea, using differential chromatograms to discern between floral and vegetative volatiles. Phytochemistry, 26, 1603–1606.
Petanidou T., Goethals V., Smets E., 2000. Nectary structure of Labiatae in relation to their nectar secretion and characteristics in a Mediterranean shrub community – does flowering time matter? Plant Syst. Evol., 2251–4, 103–118.
Petanidou T., 2005. Sugars in Mediterranean floral nectars: an ecological and evolutionary approach. J. Chem. Ecol., 315, 1065–1088.
Proctor M., Yeo P., Lack A., 1996. The natural history of pollination. Harper Collins Publish., London, Glasgow, Sydney.
Raguso R.A., 2004. Flowers and sensory billboards: Progress towards an integrated understanding of floral advertisement. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 7, 434–440.
Rutkowski L., 2006. Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.
Schulze W., Zänglein A., Hose S., Kubeczka K.H., Czygan F.C., 1992. Volatiles in flowers of balm Melissa officinalis L. In:. Advances in labiate science, Harley R.M., Reynolds T. (eds.) The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.
Stockhorst U., Pietrowsky R., 2004. Olfactory perception, communication, and the nose-to-brain pathway. Physiol. Behav., 83, 3–11.
Vogel S., 1983. Ecophysiology of zoophilic pollination. In: Physiology plant ecology III, Lange O.L., Nobel P.S., Osmond C.B., Ziegler H. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Vosshall L.B., 2000. Olfaction in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 10, 498–503.
Weryszko-Chmielewska E., 2000. Ecological features of flowers including nectary structure of chosen species from Lamiaceae family. Pszczeln. Zesz. Nauk., 2, 223–232.
Aneta Sulborska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Marta Dmitruk
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Agata Konarska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
