INFLUENCE OF A PROLONG APPLICATION OF MINERAL OILS ON BULB YIELD, QUALITY OF CUT FLOWERS AND SPREAD OF VIRUSES IN TULIP CULTIVATION
Barbara Marcinek
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, PolandKatarzyna Karczmarz
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PolandMariusz Szmagara
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, PolandWojciech Durlak
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, PolandElżbieta Pogroszewska
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, PolandAbstract
The experiments were designed to evaluate the impact of two mineral oils: Sunspray 850 EC (85% of mineral oil) and Sunspray Ultra-Fine (98.8% of mineral oil) applied for a prolonged time (2 vegetation seasons) on yields of tulip of ‘Leen van der Mark’ cv. Tulips were treated 3 times (since the mid of April till the beginning of May) at weekly intervals with the oils at concentrations: 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. The oil preparations used at concentrations 1.0–1.5% had no negative influence on stem and tepals lengths at tulips grown in the field. No phytotoxicity symptoms on stems nor leaves were found. On plots protected with mineral oils, percentage of virus-infected plants was lower than for control, while high efficiency was recorded only in 2011 when using Sunspray 850 EC at 1.0–2.0% concentration. The oil preparations applied for a prolonged time at concentration of 2.0% caused a decline in commercial and the first choice bulb yields. No negative sequential effects of oils on quality of obtained flowers during tulip forcing in a greenhouse, was observed. The efficiency of mineral oils in reducing the virus spread evaluated based on the number of virus-infected flowers during forcing in the greenhouse depended on the year of study and type of the oil. The best results were achieved applying Sunspray 850 EC at concentrations of 1.0–1.5%. Oil preparations can be safely applied for tulip cultivation for a prolonged time if concentration does not exceed 1.5%. Despite of positive effects in reducing the virus spread in the field growing and forcing, three spraying treatments using mineral oils during vegetation season did not ensure a complete plant protection against viral infections.
Keywords:
bulbous plant, virus spread, biological protection, oily substances, phytotoxicityReferences
Asjes, C.J. (1980a). The application of mineral oil to control the spread of hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinthus (1). Bloembollencultuur, 90(51), 1396–1397.
Asjes, C.J. (1980b). The application of mineral oil to control the spread of hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinthus (2). Bloembollencultuur, 91(1), 16–17.
Asjes, C.J. (1991). Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus, lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils, synthetic pyrethroids, and a nematicide in the Netherands. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 97, 129–138.
Asjes, C.J., Piron, P.G.M., van Oosten A.M. (1996). Control review of air-borne tulip breaking virus and lily symptomless virus in lilium in the Netherlands. Acta Hortic., 432, 290–297.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J. (2001). Control of aphid-vectored and thrips-borne virus spread in lily, tulip, iris and dahlia by sprays of mineral oil, polydimethylsiloxane and pyrethroid insecticide in the field. Ann. Appl. Biol., 139, 11–19.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J., (2002). Control of aphid vector spread of Lily Symptomless Virus and Lily Mottle Virus by mineral oil/insecticide sprays in Lilium. Acta Hortic., 570, 277–281.
Damavandian, M.R., Moosavi, S.F.K. (2014). Comparison of mineral spray oil, Confidor, Dursban, and Abamectin used for the control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), and an evaluation of the activity of this pest in citrus orchards in northern Iran. J. Plant Prot. Res., 54(2), 156–163.
Dekker, E.L., Derks, A.F.L.M., Asjes, C.J., Lemmers, M.E.C., Bol, J.F., Langefeld, S.A. (1993). Characterization of potyviruses from tulip and lily which cause flower-breaking. J. Gen. Virol., 74, 881–887.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A. (2004). Comparison of two mineral oils on photosynthesis andrespiration of tomato. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 44(1), 99–103.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A., Bednarek, A. (2003). Influence of mineral oil Sunspray 850 (Ultra Fine) on gass exchange of rose leaves. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 43(2), 648–650.
Hammond, J., Chastanger, G.A. (1989). Field transmission of tulip breaking virus and serologicaly related potyviruses in tulip. Plant Dis., 73, 331–336.
Horst, R.K., Kawamoto, S.O., Porter, L.L. (1992). Effect of sodium bicarbonate and oils on the control of powdery mildew and black spot of roses. Plant Dis., 76(3), 247–251.
Karczmarz, K. (2010). Numerical strength dynamics of Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt. 1843) on common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Lublin town plantings. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 121–132.
Karczmarz, K. (2012a). Numerical strength dynamics and bionomy of Panaphis Juglangis (Goeze, 1778) (Homoptera, Phyllaphididae) on common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Lublin town plantings. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 11(2), 53–70.
Karczmarz, K. (2012b). Arthropods settling rose ‘Bonica’ 82’ in the urban greenery of Lublin. Aphids Hemipter. Insects, 18, 37–55.
Khodorova, N., Boitel-Conti, M. (2013). The role of temperature in the growth and flowering of geophytes, Plants, 2, 699–711.
Lesnaw, J.A., Ghabrial, S.A. (2000). Tulip Breaking: past, present, and future. Plant Dis., 84(10), 1052–1060.
Marcinek, B., Hetman, J., Kozak, D. (2013). Influence of cultivation method and bulbs planting depth on the growth and yield of tulips. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 12(5) 97–110.
Milošević, D., Stamenković, S., Perić, P. (2012). Potential use of insecticides and mineral oils for the control of transmission of major aphid-transmitted potato viruses. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 27(2), 97–106.
Mizell, R.F. (1991). Phytoxicity of Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray oil® and Safer Insecticidal Concentrate® Soap on selected ornamental plants in summer in north Florida and south Georgia. J. Arboric., 17(8), 208–210.
Mowat, W.P. (1995). Tulip. In: Virus and virus-like diseases of bulb and flower crops, Loebenstein, G., Lawson, R.H., Brunt, A.A. (eds), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester–New York–Bribone–Toronto–Singapore, 352–383.
Polder, G., van der Heijden, G.W.A.M., van Doorn, J., Clevers, J.G.P.W., van der Schoor, R., Baltissen, A.H.M.C. (2010). Detection of the tulip breaking virus (TBV) in tulips using optical sensor. Precision Agric., 11(4), 397–412. DOI: 10.1007/s11119-010-9169-2.
Rae, D.J. (2002). Use of spray oils with synthetic insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. In: Spray oils – beyond 2000, Beattie G.A.C. et al. (eds), University of Western Sydney, 248–284.
Romanow, L.R., van Eijk, J.P., Eikelboom, W. (1986). Investigating resistance in tulip breaking virus and to its transmission. Acta Hortic., 177, 235–239.
Sochacki, D. (2007). Detection of TBV virus in tulip species and their cultivars. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 517, 705–710.
Sochacki, D. (2013). The occurrence of the viruses in tulip crops in Poland. J. Hortic. Res., 21(1), 5–9.
Sochacki, D., Podwyszyńska, M. (2012). Virus eradication in narcissus and tulip by chemoterapy. Floric. Ornam. Biotechnol., 6(2), 114–121.
Soika, G., Łabanowski, G., Chałańska, A. (2008). Usefulness of parafin oil to control of pests of ornamental trees and shrubs. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 48(2), 734–741.
Tan, L.B., Sarafis, V., Beattie, G.A.C., White, R., Darley, E.M., Spooner-Hart, R. (2005). Localization and movement of mineral oil in plants by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. J. Exp. Bot., 56(420), 2755–2763.
Thomsen, A., (1980). Infection trials with tulip mosaic virus. Acta Hortic., 109, 469–471.
Wilson, C.R. (1999).The potential of reflective mulching in combination with insecticide sprays for control of aphid-borne viruses of iris and tulip in Tasmania. Ann. Appl. Biol., 134, 293–279.
Wojdyła, A.T. (2012). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the germination of spores Diplocarpon rosae Wolf. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 143–156.
Wojdyła, T.A. (2013). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the development of Diplocarpon rosae Wolf – the causal agent of black spot of rose. Ecol. Chem. Engineer., 20(2), 175–185.
Wojdyła, T.A. (2015). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the development of Sphareotheca pannosa var. rosae – the casual agent of powdery mildew of rose. Bul. J. Agric. Sci., 21(4), 855–862.
Wojdyła, A.T, Łazęcka, U.W. (2014). Protection of roses against Diplocarpon rosae with mixture of fungicides and oils. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Ogr., 22, 157–166.
Wróbel, S. (2006). Role of mineral oil in potato protection against aphids and viral infection. Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 5 (1), 83–92.
Wróbel, S. (2008). Dynamics of aphids occurrence in natural conditions after application of various oil substances. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 48(4), 1383–1387.
Wróbel, S. (2011a). Adjuvants in seed potato protection against PVY and PVM infection. Biul. IHAR, 259, 251–262
Wróbel, S. (2011b). The influence of mineral oil and insecticide mixtures on the occurrence dynamics of aphids on potato plants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 51(2), 625–629.
Wróbel, S., Urbanowicz, J. (2007). Reaction of 9 potato cultivars to mineral and plan adjuvants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 47(2), 375–379.
Asjes, C.J. (1980b). The application of mineral oil to control the spread of hyacinth mosaic virus in hyacinthus (2). Bloembollencultuur, 91(1), 16–17.
Asjes, C.J. (1991). Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus, lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils, synthetic pyrethroids, and a nematicide in the Netherands. Neth. J. Pl. Path., 97, 129–138.
Asjes, C.J., Piron, P.G.M., van Oosten A.M. (1996). Control review of air-borne tulip breaking virus and lily symptomless virus in lilium in the Netherlands. Acta Hortic., 432, 290–297.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J. (2001). Control of aphid-vectored and thrips-borne virus spread in lily, tulip, iris and dahlia by sprays of mineral oil, polydimethylsiloxane and pyrethroid insecticide in the field. Ann. Appl. Biol., 139, 11–19.
Asjes, C.J., Blom-Barnhoorn, G.J., (2002). Control of aphid vector spread of Lily Symptomless Virus and Lily Mottle Virus by mineral oil/insecticide sprays in Lilium. Acta Hortic., 570, 277–281.
Damavandian, M.R., Moosavi, S.F.K. (2014). Comparison of mineral spray oil, Confidor, Dursban, and Abamectin used for the control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), and an evaluation of the activity of this pest in citrus orchards in northern Iran. J. Plant Prot. Res., 54(2), 156–163.
Dekker, E.L., Derks, A.F.L.M., Asjes, C.J., Lemmers, M.E.C., Bol, J.F., Langefeld, S.A. (1993). Characterization of potyviruses from tulip and lily which cause flower-breaking. J. Gen. Virol., 74, 881–887.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A. (2004). Comparison of two mineral oils on photosynthesis andrespiration of tomato. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 44(1), 99–103.
Goszczyński, W., Tomczyk, A., Bednarek, A. (2003). Influence of mineral oil Sunspray 850 (Ultra Fine) on gass exchange of rose leaves. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 43(2), 648–650.
Hammond, J., Chastanger, G.A. (1989). Field transmission of tulip breaking virus and serologicaly related potyviruses in tulip. Plant Dis., 73, 331–336.
Horst, R.K., Kawamoto, S.O., Porter, L.L. (1992). Effect of sodium bicarbonate and oils on the control of powdery mildew and black spot of roses. Plant Dis., 76(3), 247–251.
Karczmarz, K. (2010). Numerical strength dynamics of Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt. 1843) on common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Lublin town plantings. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9(4), 121–132.
Karczmarz, K. (2012a). Numerical strength dynamics and bionomy of Panaphis Juglangis (Goeze, 1778) (Homoptera, Phyllaphididae) on common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Lublin town plantings. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 11(2), 53–70.
Karczmarz, K. (2012b). Arthropods settling rose ‘Bonica’ 82’ in the urban greenery of Lublin. Aphids Hemipter. Insects, 18, 37–55.
Khodorova, N., Boitel-Conti, M. (2013). The role of temperature in the growth and flowering of geophytes, Plants, 2, 699–711.
Lesnaw, J.A., Ghabrial, S.A. (2000). Tulip Breaking: past, present, and future. Plant Dis., 84(10), 1052–1060.
Marcinek, B., Hetman, J., Kozak, D. (2013). Influence of cultivation method and bulbs planting depth on the growth and yield of tulips. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 12(5) 97–110.
Milošević, D., Stamenković, S., Perić, P. (2012). Potential use of insecticides and mineral oils for the control of transmission of major aphid-transmitted potato viruses. Pestic. Phytomed. (Belgrade), 27(2), 97–106.
Mizell, R.F. (1991). Phytoxicity of Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray oil® and Safer Insecticidal Concentrate® Soap on selected ornamental plants in summer in north Florida and south Georgia. J. Arboric., 17(8), 208–210.
Mowat, W.P. (1995). Tulip. In: Virus and virus-like diseases of bulb and flower crops, Loebenstein, G., Lawson, R.H., Brunt, A.A. (eds), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester–New York–Bribone–Toronto–Singapore, 352–383.
Polder, G., van der Heijden, G.W.A.M., van Doorn, J., Clevers, J.G.P.W., van der Schoor, R., Baltissen, A.H.M.C. (2010). Detection of the tulip breaking virus (TBV) in tulips using optical sensor. Precision Agric., 11(4), 397–412. DOI: 10.1007/s11119-010-9169-2.
Rae, D.J. (2002). Use of spray oils with synthetic insecticides, acaricides and fungicides. In: Spray oils – beyond 2000, Beattie G.A.C. et al. (eds), University of Western Sydney, 248–284.
Romanow, L.R., van Eijk, J.P., Eikelboom, W. (1986). Investigating resistance in tulip breaking virus and to its transmission. Acta Hortic., 177, 235–239.
Sochacki, D. (2007). Detection of TBV virus in tulip species and their cultivars. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 517, 705–710.
Sochacki, D. (2013). The occurrence of the viruses in tulip crops in Poland. J. Hortic. Res., 21(1), 5–9.
Sochacki, D., Podwyszyńska, M. (2012). Virus eradication in narcissus and tulip by chemoterapy. Floric. Ornam. Biotechnol., 6(2), 114–121.
Soika, G., Łabanowski, G., Chałańska, A. (2008). Usefulness of parafin oil to control of pests of ornamental trees and shrubs. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 48(2), 734–741.
Tan, L.B., Sarafis, V., Beattie, G.A.C., White, R., Darley, E.M., Spooner-Hart, R. (2005). Localization and movement of mineral oil in plants by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. J. Exp. Bot., 56(420), 2755–2763.
Thomsen, A., (1980). Infection trials with tulip mosaic virus. Acta Hortic., 109, 469–471.
Wilson, C.R. (1999).The potential of reflective mulching in combination with insecticide sprays for control of aphid-borne viruses of iris and tulip in Tasmania. Ann. Appl. Biol., 134, 293–279.
Wojdyła, A.T. (2012). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the germination of spores Diplocarpon rosae Wolf. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 143–156.
Wojdyła, T.A. (2013). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the development of Diplocarpon rosae Wolf – the causal agent of black spot of rose. Ecol. Chem. Engineer., 20(2), 175–185.
Wojdyła, T.A. (2015). Effect of vegetable and mineral oils on the development of Sphareotheca pannosa var. rosae – the casual agent of powdery mildew of rose. Bul. J. Agric. Sci., 21(4), 855–862.
Wojdyła, A.T, Łazęcka, U.W. (2014). Protection of roses against Diplocarpon rosae with mixture of fungicides and oils. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Ogr., 22, 157–166.
Wróbel, S. (2006). Role of mineral oil in potato protection against aphids and viral infection. Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 5 (1), 83–92.
Wróbel, S. (2008). Dynamics of aphids occurrence in natural conditions after application of various oil substances. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 48(4), 1383–1387.
Wróbel, S. (2011a). Adjuvants in seed potato protection against PVY and PVM infection. Biul. IHAR, 259, 251–262
Wróbel, S. (2011b). The influence of mineral oil and insecticide mixtures on the occurrence dynamics of aphids on potato plants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 51(2), 625–629.
Wróbel, S., Urbanowicz, J. (2007). Reaction of 9 potato cultivars to mineral and plan adjuvants. Prog. Plant Prot./Post. Ochr. Rośl., 47(2), 375–379.
Barbara Marcinek
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
Katarzyna Karczmarz
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
Mariusz Szmagara
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
Wojciech Durlak
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
Elżbieta Pogroszewska
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
Department of Ornamental Plants, Dendrology and Architecture of Landscape, UP Lublin, Poland
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