Effect of glucogenic additive in transition dairy cow diets of varying ruminal starch degradability on blood metabolic profile
RENATA KLEBANIUK
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinEDYTA KOWALCZUK-VASILEV
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinGRZEGORZ ROCKI
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinJAN MATRAS
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinMAGDALENA OLCHA
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 LublinAbstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of the supplemental feeding of glucogenic additive and increasing ruminal degradation of dietary starch on the blood biochemical parameters of high-yielding dairy cows during transition period. The study was carried out on 6 groups (10 animals each) of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Measurements of blood indices were carried out as a 2 × 3 experimental design of treatments with factors: glucogenic additive (GA; C – without vs. GA – with) and diet starch ruminal degradation rate (DR; M – maize vs. BW – barley and wheat vs. MBW – maize, barley and wheat). Blood samples were collected 2 weeks prior to calving and 1, 3 and 6 weeks lactation. Notable impact of the GA in the first weeks post-calving on β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood plasma was noted only in the treatments when the GA supplemented the barley-wheat or maize-barley-wheat based concentrates, whereas no effect was found when the GA enriched maize-based diets. Irrespective of grain species, the GA inclusion in the diet has clearly reduced the blood urea and total cholesterol levels, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase activity.
Keywords:
cows, transition period, glucogenic additive, ruminal starch degradability, blood biochemical parametersReferences
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Mandebvu P., Ballard C.S., Sniffen C.J., Tsang D.S., Valdez F., Miyoshi S., Chlatter L., 2003. Effect of feeding an energy supplement prepartum and postpartum on milk yield and composition, and incidence of ketosis in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 105, 81–93.
Matras J., Bartle S.J., Preston R.L., 1991. Nitrogen utilization in growing lambs: effects of grain (starch) and protein sources with various rates of ruminal degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 339–347.
Matras J., Klebaniuk R., Kowalczuk-Vasilev E., 2012. Impact of glucogenic additive in transition dairy cow diets of varying ruminal degradability of starch on yield and composition of milk and reproductive parameters. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 57, 301–311.
Miyoshi S., Pate J.L., Palmquist D.L., 2001. Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68, 29–43.
Moallem U., Katz M., Arieli A., Lehrer H., 2007. Effects of peripartum propylene glycol or fats differing in fatty acid profiles on feed intake, production and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 3846–3856.
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Orskov E.R., 1986. Starch digestion and utilization in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 63, 1624–1633.
Patton R.S., Sorenson C.E., Hippen A.R., 2004. Effects of dietary glucogenic precursors and fat on feed intake and carbohydrate status of transition dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2122–2129.
Rabiee A.R., Lean I.J., 2000. Uptake of glucose and cholesterol by the ovary of sheep and cattle and the influence of arterial LH concentrations. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 64, 199–209.
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Winnicka A., 2015. Wartości referencyjne podstawowych badań laboratoryjnych w weterynarii. Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa.
Bergman E.N., 1983. The pools of cellular nutrients: Glucose. In: P.M. Riis (ed.), Dynamic Biochemistry of Animal Production. Elsevier, Amsterdam, World Animal Science, vol. A3, 173–196.
Brockman R.P., Laarveld B., 1986. Hormonal regulation of metabolism in ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci. 14, 313–334.
DeFrain J.M., Hippen A.R., Kalscheur K.F., Patton R.S., 2005. Effects of feeding propionate and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on transition dairy cow performance. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 983–993.
Djoković R., Šamanc H., Nikolić Z., Bošković Bogosavljević S., 2007. Changes in blood values of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy and ketotic dairy cows after intravenous infusion of propionate solution. Acta Vet. Brno 76, 533–539.
Duffield T.F., 2000. Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle: Metabolic disorders of ruminants. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16, 231–253.
Filar J., 1997. Über den Gehalt an β-Hydroxybutyrat, Azetazetat and Aceton im Blut von gesunden und an Ketose erkrankten Kühen. Wien. Tierarztl. Monat. 66, 377–380.
Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S., 1972. Estimation of the plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499–502.
Grings E.E., Roffler R.E., Deitelhoff D.P., 1992. Evaluation of corn and barley as energy sources for cows in early lactation fed alfalfa-based diets. J. Dairy Sci. 75, 193–200.
Grummer R.R., Winkler J.C., Bertics S.J., Studer V.A., 1994. Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 77, 3618–3623.
Herdt T.H., 2000. Variability characteristics and test selection in herd-level nutritional and metabolic profile testing: Metabolic disorders of ruminants. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 16, 387–403.
Hoedemaker M., Prange D., Zerbe H., Frank J., Daxenberger A., Meyer H.H., 2004. Peripartal propylene glycol supplementation and metabolism, animal health, fertility, and production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2136–2145.
Huntington G.B., 1997. Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 852–867. IZ-INRA, 2009. Normy żywienia bydła, owiec i kóz. Zalecane normy i tabele wartości pokarmowej pasz. Wyd. IZ PIB, Kraków-Balice.
Kappel L.C., Ingraham R.H., Morgan E.B., Zeringue L., Wilson D., Babcock D.K., 1984. Relationship between fertility and blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations in Holstein cows. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45, 2608–2612.
Klebaniuk R., Matras J., Kowalczuk E., 2009. Blood metabolic profile parameters of cows fed diet with glucogenic additive. Med. Wet. 65, 11, 765–770.
Liu Q., Wang C., Yang W.Z., Guo G., Yang X.M., He D.C., Dong K.H., Huang Y.X., 2010. Effects of calcium propionate supplementation on lactation performance, energy balance and blood metabolites in early lactation dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 94, 605–614.
Mandebvu P., Ballard C.S., Sniffen C.J., Tsang D.S., Valdez F., Miyoshi S., Chlatter L., 2003. Effect of feeding an energy supplement prepartum and postpartum on milk yield and composition, and incidence of ketosis in dairy cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 105, 81–93.
Matras J., Bartle S.J., Preston R.L., 1991. Nitrogen utilization in growing lambs: effects of grain (starch) and protein sources with various rates of ruminal degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 339–347.
Matras J., Klebaniuk R., Kowalczuk-Vasilev E., 2012. Impact of glucogenic additive in transition dairy cow diets of varying ruminal degradability of starch on yield and composition of milk and reproductive parameters. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 57, 301–311.
Miyoshi S., Pate J.L., Palmquist D.L., 2001. Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68, 29–43.
Moallem U., Katz M., Arieli A., Lehrer H., 2007. Effects of peripartum propylene glycol or fats differing in fatty acid profiles on feed intake, production and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 3846–3856.
Nielsen N.I., Ingvartsen K.L., 2004. Propylene glycol for dairy cows. A review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 115, 191–213.
Orskov E.R., 1986. Starch digestion and utilization in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 63, 1624–1633.
Patton R.S., Sorenson C.E., Hippen A.R., 2004. Effects of dietary glucogenic precursors and fat on feed intake and carbohydrate status of transition dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 2122–2129.
Rabiee A.R., Lean I.J., 2000. Uptake of glucose and cholesterol by the ovary of sheep and cattle and the influence of arterial LH concentrations. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 64, 199–209.
StatSoft, 2011. Statistica (data analysis software system). Version 10. StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA.
Strzetelski J.A., Osięgłowski S., Kowalski Z.M., Kowalczyk J., Borowiec F., Sosin E., 2008. Effect of pre- and post-calving concentrate allocation and of starch source on feed intake, blood metabolite profiles and performance of transition cows. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 17, 473–490.
Whitaker D.A., 1997. Interpretation of metabolic profiles in dairy cows. Cattle Pract. 5, 57–60.
Winnicka A., 2015. Wartości referencyjne podstawowych badań laboratoryjnych w weterynarii. Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa.
RENATA KLEBANIUK
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
EDYTA KOWALCZUK-VASILEV
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
GRZEGORZ ROCKI
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
JAN MATRAS
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
MAGDALENA OLCHA
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin
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