PECTINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF Boeremia strasseri THE CAUSAL AGENT OF BLACK STEM AND RHIZOMES ROT OF PEPPERMINT
Beata Zimowska
University of Life Sciences Lublin, PolandZdzisław Targoński
University of Life Sciences Lublin, PolandAbstract
Pectinases have multiple nature and various forms which are necessary for hydrolysis of pectin in natural processes. The pectinolytic activity of three isolates of the pathogenic fungus Boeremia strasseri was demonstrated. The pectinases production was studied using a liquid Mandels-Weber medium, containing 1.0% citric pectin as a carbon source. Optimum pH and temperature for pectinases activity were 4.7 and 40°C respec-tively. The pectinases were totally stable at 40°C for 80 min. The greatest loss of activity was observed during the heating of the enzymes at 70°C.
Keywords:
Boeremia strasseri, pectinolytic activity, pectinases production, thermostability, fungiReferences
Acuňa-Argüelles, M., Gutierrez-Rojas, M., Viniegra-González, G., Favela-Tottes, E. (1995). Production and properties of three pectinolytic activities produced by Aspergillus niger in submerged and solid-state fermentation. Appl. Microbiol Biot., 43, 808–814.
Ajayi, A.A., Olutiola, P.O., Fakunle, J.B. (2003). Studies on polygalacturonase associated with the deterioration of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) infected by Botryodiplodia theobromae. Pat. Sci. Foc., 5, 68–77.
Akinyosoye, F.A., Oboh, G. (2004). Effect of different carbon sources on growth and polygalacturonase activity of Phoma sorghina. Nigerian J. Biochem. Molec. Biol., 19(2), 77–81.
Arotupin, D.J. (1991). Studies on the microorganisms associated with the degradation of sawdust. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Arotupin, D.J. (2007). Effect of different carbon sources on the growth and polygalacturonase activity of Aspergillus flavus isolated from cropped soils. Res. J. Microbiol., 2(4), 362–368.
Arotupin, D.J., Akinyosoye, F.A., Onifade, A.K. (2012). Purification, characterization and application of polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger CSTRF. Mal. J Microbiol., 8(3), 175–183.
Barthe, J.P., Canhenys, D., Tauze, A. (1981). Purification and characterization of two polygalacturonase secreted by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathol. Z., 106, 162–171.
Boerema, G.H., De Gruyter, J., Noordeloos, M.E, Hamers, M.E.C. (2004). Phoma identification manual differentiation on specific and intra-specific taxa in culture. CAB Publishing, pp 470.
Caprari, C.C., Bergmann, Q., Migheli, G., Salvi, P.D., Alberbersheim, F., Cervone, L., De Lorenzo, G. (1993). Fusarium moniliforme secrectes four endopolygalacturonases derived from a single gene product. Physiol. Mol. Plant P., 43, 453–462.
Delgado, L.A.T., Huitron, B.C., Aguilar, G. (1992). Pectin lyase from Aspergillus sp. CH-Y-1043. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 39, 515–519.
Fátima, B.M., Said, S., Fonseca, M.J.V. (1996). Purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular endopolygalacturonase from Penicillium frequentans. J. Agr. Food Chem., 44, 1616–1620.
Gruyter, J. de., Noordeloos, M.E. (1992). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelo-mycetes). I. 1. Section Phoma: Taxa with very small conidia in vitro. Persoonia, 15, 71–92.
Gummadi, S.N., Panda, T. (2003). Purification and biochemical properties of microbial pectinases: a review. Proc. Biochem., 38, 987–996.
Horner, C.E. (1971). Rhizome and stem rot of peppermint caused by Phoma strasseri. Plant Dis. Rep., 55, 814–816.
Mohamed, S.A., Christensen, T.M.I.E., Mikkelsen, J.D. (2003). New polygalacturonases from Trichoderma reesei: characterization and their specificities to partially methylated and acety-lated pectins. Carbohydr. Res., 338, 515–524.
Melouk, H.A., Horner, C.E. (1972). Production of pectolytic and macerating enzyme by Phoma strasseri. Can. J. Microbiol., 18, 1065–1072.
Melouk, H.A., Horner, C.E. (1973). β-glucosidase from Phoma strasseri and its possible role in a disease of peppermint. Phytopathology, 63, 973–975.
Mendels, M., Weber, J. (1969). The production of cellulose. In: Cellulase and their application. Adv. Chem. Ser., 95, 391–413.
Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31, 426–428.
Nayebyazdi, N., Tajick Ghanbary, M.A. (2012). Pectinase activity of some micromycetes isolated from agricultural soils. J. Sci. I. R. Iran, 23(4), 305–311.
Okafar, U.A., Okachi, V.I., Chinedu, S.N., Ebuehi, O.A.T., Onygeme-Okerenta, B.M. (2010). Pectinolytic activity of wild-type filamentous fungi fermented on agro-wastes. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 4(24), 2729–2734.
Oyede, M.A. (1998). Studies on cell wall degrading enzymes associated with degradation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers by some phytopathogenic fungi. Ph. D Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Perez-Artes, E., Tena, M. (1989). Pectic enzymes from two races of Fusarium oxysporum f sp. cicerri. Enzymes production in culture and enzymatic activity on isolated chickpea cell wall. J. Phytopath., 124, 39–51.
Reddy, P.L., Sreeramulu, A. (2012). Isolation, identification and screening of pectinilytic fungi from different soil samples of Chittoor district. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotchnol. Pharm. Res., 1, 186–193.
Schols, H.A., Voragen, A.G.J. (1996). Complex pectins: Structure elucidation using enzymes. In: Progress in biotechnology, pectins and pectinases, Visser, J., Voragen, A.G.J. (eds). Elsevier Sci. B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands 14, 3–19.
Šutić, D.D., Sinclair, J.B. (1991). Anatomy and physiology of diseased plants. CRC press, Boca Raton pp. 1–79.
Wesołowska-Trojanowska, M., Targoński, Z. (2012). Selekcja niskoproteazowych mutantów Trichoderma reesei M-7 do produkcji enzymów zewnątrzkomórkowych. Acta Sci. Pol., Bio-technol., 11(1), 29–40.
Zimowska, B. (2007). Fungi colonizing and damaging different parts of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) cultivated in South-Eastern Poland. Herba Pol., 53(4), 97–105.
Zimowska, B. (2012). Pathogenicity and ultrastructural studies of the mode of penetration by Phoma strasseri in peppermint stems and rhizomes. Pol. J. Microbiol., 61, 273–279.
Yoon, S., Kim, M.K., Hong, J.S., Kim, M.S. (1994). Purification and properties of polygalactur-nase fom Ganoderma lucidum. Korean J. Mycol., 22, 298–3014.
Ajayi, A.A., Olutiola, P.O., Fakunle, J.B. (2003). Studies on polygalacturonase associated with the deterioration of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) infected by Botryodiplodia theobromae. Pat. Sci. Foc., 5, 68–77.
Akinyosoye, F.A., Oboh, G. (2004). Effect of different carbon sources on growth and polygalacturonase activity of Phoma sorghina. Nigerian J. Biochem. Molec. Biol., 19(2), 77–81.
Arotupin, D.J. (1991). Studies on the microorganisms associated with the degradation of sawdust. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Arotupin, D.J. (2007). Effect of different carbon sources on the growth and polygalacturonase activity of Aspergillus flavus isolated from cropped soils. Res. J. Microbiol., 2(4), 362–368.
Arotupin, D.J., Akinyosoye, F.A., Onifade, A.K. (2012). Purification, characterization and application of polygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger CSTRF. Mal. J Microbiol., 8(3), 175–183.
Barthe, J.P., Canhenys, D., Tauze, A. (1981). Purification and characterization of two polygalacturonase secreted by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Phytopathol. Z., 106, 162–171.
Boerema, G.H., De Gruyter, J., Noordeloos, M.E, Hamers, M.E.C. (2004). Phoma identification manual differentiation on specific and intra-specific taxa in culture. CAB Publishing, pp 470.
Caprari, C.C., Bergmann, Q., Migheli, G., Salvi, P.D., Alberbersheim, F., Cervone, L., De Lorenzo, G. (1993). Fusarium moniliforme secrectes four endopolygalacturonases derived from a single gene product. Physiol. Mol. Plant P., 43, 453–462.
Delgado, L.A.T., Huitron, B.C., Aguilar, G. (1992). Pectin lyase from Aspergillus sp. CH-Y-1043. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 39, 515–519.
Fátima, B.M., Said, S., Fonseca, M.J.V. (1996). Purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular endopolygalacturonase from Penicillium frequentans. J. Agr. Food Chem., 44, 1616–1620.
Gruyter, J. de., Noordeloos, M.E. (1992). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelo-mycetes). I. 1. Section Phoma: Taxa with very small conidia in vitro. Persoonia, 15, 71–92.
Gummadi, S.N., Panda, T. (2003). Purification and biochemical properties of microbial pectinases: a review. Proc. Biochem., 38, 987–996.
Horner, C.E. (1971). Rhizome and stem rot of peppermint caused by Phoma strasseri. Plant Dis. Rep., 55, 814–816.
Mohamed, S.A., Christensen, T.M.I.E., Mikkelsen, J.D. (2003). New polygalacturonases from Trichoderma reesei: characterization and their specificities to partially methylated and acety-lated pectins. Carbohydr. Res., 338, 515–524.
Melouk, H.A., Horner, C.E. (1972). Production of pectolytic and macerating enzyme by Phoma strasseri. Can. J. Microbiol., 18, 1065–1072.
Melouk, H.A., Horner, C.E. (1973). β-glucosidase from Phoma strasseri and its possible role in a disease of peppermint. Phytopathology, 63, 973–975.
Mendels, M., Weber, J. (1969). The production of cellulose. In: Cellulase and their application. Adv. Chem. Ser., 95, 391–413.
Miller, G.L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem., 31, 426–428.
Nayebyazdi, N., Tajick Ghanbary, M.A. (2012). Pectinase activity of some micromycetes isolated from agricultural soils. J. Sci. I. R. Iran, 23(4), 305–311.
Okafar, U.A., Okachi, V.I., Chinedu, S.N., Ebuehi, O.A.T., Onygeme-Okerenta, B.M. (2010). Pectinolytic activity of wild-type filamentous fungi fermented on agro-wastes. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 4(24), 2729–2734.
Oyede, M.A. (1998). Studies on cell wall degrading enzymes associated with degradation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tubers by some phytopathogenic fungi. Ph. D Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria.
Perez-Artes, E., Tena, M. (1989). Pectic enzymes from two races of Fusarium oxysporum f sp. cicerri. Enzymes production in culture and enzymatic activity on isolated chickpea cell wall. J. Phytopath., 124, 39–51.
Reddy, P.L., Sreeramulu, A. (2012). Isolation, identification and screening of pectinilytic fungi from different soil samples of Chittoor district. Int. J. Life Sci. Biotchnol. Pharm. Res., 1, 186–193.
Schols, H.A., Voragen, A.G.J. (1996). Complex pectins: Structure elucidation using enzymes. In: Progress in biotechnology, pectins and pectinases, Visser, J., Voragen, A.G.J. (eds). Elsevier Sci. B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands 14, 3–19.
Šutić, D.D., Sinclair, J.B. (1991). Anatomy and physiology of diseased plants. CRC press, Boca Raton pp. 1–79.
Wesołowska-Trojanowska, M., Targoński, Z. (2012). Selekcja niskoproteazowych mutantów Trichoderma reesei M-7 do produkcji enzymów zewnątrzkomórkowych. Acta Sci. Pol., Bio-technol., 11(1), 29–40.
Zimowska, B. (2007). Fungi colonizing and damaging different parts of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) cultivated in South-Eastern Poland. Herba Pol., 53(4), 97–105.
Zimowska, B. (2012). Pathogenicity and ultrastructural studies of the mode of penetration by Phoma strasseri in peppermint stems and rhizomes. Pol. J. Microbiol., 61, 273–279.
Yoon, S., Kim, M.K., Hong, J.S., Kim, M.S. (1994). Purification and properties of polygalactur-nase fom Ganoderma lucidum. Korean J. Mycol., 22, 298–3014.
Beata Zimowska
University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland
Zdzisław Targoński
University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland
University of Life Sciences Lublin, Poland
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
