THE INFLUENCE OF TYPE AND ORIENTATION OF EXPLANTS ON in vitro GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss
Danuta Kozak
University of Life Sciences in LublinElżbieta Pogroszewska
University of Life Sciences in LublinMariusz Szmagara
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
Cosmos atrosanguineus is a tuberous, tender perennial with velvety, dahlialike, brownish-red flowers that have a chocolate aroma. It is sterile, so no viable seeds are
produced. This species is particularly suitable for a border plant in any perennial garden. A study was undertaken to determine whether shoot apex and leaf removal as well as explant orientation had an influence on axillary shoot induction. Explants were prepared from shoots taken from aseptically grown shoot cluster and were cultured for 6 weeks on Murashige and Skoog medium containing BA (1 mg·dm-3). The study results showed that the removal of the apex from the non-defoliated shoot tip improved axillary branching. The removal of developed leaves from the shoot tip with the apex removed caused a reduction in axillary shoot production. The defoliated shoot tip inserted vertically in the medium in an inverted position regenerated the highest number of axillary shoots characterized
by the highest fresh weight. The defoliated shoot tip after removal of the apex, placed vertically with the base down, produced axillary shoots characterized by the greatest elongation growth and the highest percentage of shoots that reached a length of more than 1 cm.
Keywords:
branching, defoliation, decapitation, explant orientation vertical or horizontalReferences
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Ziv M., Halevy A.H., Shilo R., 1970. Organ and plantlets regeneration of Gladiolus through tissue culture. Ann. Bot. 34, 671–675.
Vieitez A.M., Pintos F., San-Jose M.C., Ballester A., 1993. In vitro shoot proliferation determined by explant orientation of juvenile and mature Quercus rubra L. Tree Physiol. 12, 107–117.
Voyiatzi Ch., Voyiatzis D.G., Tsiakmaki V., 1995. In vitro shoot proliferation rates of the rose cv. (hybrid tea) ‘Dr. Verhage’, as affected by apical dominance regulating substances. Sci. Hort. 61, 241–249.
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Berrios J.G., Economou A.S., 1992. Study of the efficiency of Gardenia shoot formation in vitro. Acta Hort. 300, 51–58.
Bressan P.H., Kim Y.J., Hyndman S.E., Hasegawa P.M., Bressan R.A., 1982. Factors affecting in vitro propagation of rose. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107, 979–990.
Debnath S.C., 2005. Micropropagation of lingonberry: influence of genotype, explant orientation, and overcoming TDZ-induced inhibition of shoot elongation using zeatin. HortSci. 40 (1), 185–188.
Garcia-Luis A., Molina R.V., Varona V., Castello S., Guardiola J.L., 2006. The influence of explant orientation and contact with the medium on the pathway of shoot regeneration in vitro in epicotyl cuttings of Troyer citrange. Plant Cell. Tiss. Organ Cult. 85, 137–144.
Hosoki T., Kobayakawa H., Ohta K., 2003. Micropropagation of chocolate cosmos (Cosmos atrosanguineus) by repeated division of nodes/axillary shoots and adventitious shoots from microshoots. Acta Hort. 625, 261–264
Jabbarzadeh Z., Khosh-Khui M., 2005. Factors affecting tissue culture of Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Hort. Sci. 45 (5), 797–800.
Kada M., Dorion J., Bigot C., 1991. In vitro propagation of Cistus × purpureus Lam. Sci. Hort. 46 (1–2), 155–160.
Kone M., Kouakou T.H., Kone D., Zouzou M., Kouadio Y.J., Ochatt S.J., 2009. In vitro plantlets regeneration in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)) through direct shoot bud differentiation on hypocotyls and epicotyl cuttings. African J. Biotech. 8 (8), 1466–1473.
Kozak D., 1991. Shoot regeneration from various parts of Narcissus cv. Carlton through tissue culture. Prace Inst. Sad. i Kwiac. Rośliny Ozdobne. Ser. B, 16, 41–48.
Kucharska D., Golis M., Podwyszyńska M., Wiśniewska-Grzeszkiewicz H., Orlikowska T., 2000. Propagation of Rosa manetti rootstock in vitro. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sad. i Kwiac. 7, 365–374.
Mackay W.A., Kitto S.L., 1988. Factors affecting in vitro shoot proliferation of French tarragon. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 113, 282–287.
Miller R.M., Drew R.A., 1990. Effect of explant type on proliferation of Carica papaya L. in vitro. Plant Cell. Tiss. Organ Cult. 21, 39–44.
Mohamed-Yasseen Y., 2002. Micropropagation of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Britton et Rose. in vitro Cellular and Develop. Biol. Plant. 38 (5), 427–429.
Murashige T., Skoog F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio-assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–479.
Naber A.C., Aarssen N.L., 1998. Effect of shoot apex removal and fruit herbivory on branching, biomass and reproduction in Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae). Am. Midl. Nat. 42 (1), 42–54.
Ngamau K., 2001. Development of an in vitro culture procedure using seeds from Zantedeschia aethiopica ‘Green Goddess’ as explant. Gartenbauwissenschaft 66 (3), 133–139.
Nobre J., 1994. In vitro shoot proliferation of Myrtus communis L. from field-grown plants. Sci. Hort. 58 (3), 253–258.
Orlikowska T., Sabała I., Kucharska D., 2000. The effect of leaf and shoot tip removal and explant orientation on axillary shoot proliferation of Codiaeum variegatum Blume var. pictum Muell. Arg. cv. Excellent. Sci. Hort. 85, 103–111.
Pumisutapon P., Visser R.G.F., De Klerk G.-J., 2000. Apical dominance in Alstroemeria cultured in vitro. Acta Hort. 829, 145–148.
Rajeswari V., Paliwal K., 2008. In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from seedling explant of Albizia odoratissima L.f. (Benth.). In vitro Cellular and Develop. Biol. Plant. 44 (2), 78–83.
Ravetta D.A., Palzkill D.A., 1992. The effect of growth regulators and apex removal on branching anf flower bud production of jojoba. Industrial Crops Prod. 1 (1), 47–55.
Saini R., Jaiwal P.K., 2002. Age, position in mother seedling, orientation, and polarity of the epicotyl segments of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) determines its morphogenic response. Plant Sci. 163 (1), 101–109.
Salazar R., Vargas T.E., De Garcia E., Oropeza M., 2005. Micropropagation and organogenesis of the “monte casino” cultivar of Aster ericoides. Interciencia 30(5), 259–299.
Seabrook J.E.A., Cumming B.G., Dionne L.A., 1976. The in vitro induction of adventitious shoot and root apices on Narcissus (daffodil and narcissus) cultivar tissue. Can. J. Bot. 54, 814–819.
Shen X., Castle W.S., Gmitter Jr., F.G., 2010. In vitro shoot proliferation and root induction of shoot tip explant from mature male plants of Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Plant Cell. Tissue. Organ Cult. 101 (1), 111–117.
Sujatha G., Kumari B.D.R., 2008. Micropropagation, encapsulation and growth of Artemisia vulgaris node explants for germplasm preservation. South African J. Bot. 74(1), 93–100.
Surmacz-Magdziak A., Sugier D., 2012. In vitro propagation of Arnica montana L.: An endangered herbal species of great importance to medicine. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 11(2), 127–140.
Turker A.U., Yucesan B., Gurel E., 2009. In vitro regeneration of Achillea millefolium L. from shoot-tips and root segments of seedlings. J. Plant Bioch. Biotech. 18(1), 65–69.
Venecz J.I., Aarssen L.W., 1998. Effect of shoot apex removal in Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae): Assessing the costs of reproduction and apical dominance. Ann. Bot. Fennici 35, 101–111.
Ziv M., Halevy A.H., Shilo R., 1970. Organ and plantlets regeneration of Gladiolus through tissue culture. Ann. Bot. 34, 671–675.
Vieitez A.M., Pintos F., San-Jose M.C., Ballester A., 1993. In vitro shoot proliferation determined by explant orientation of juvenile and mature Quercus rubra L. Tree Physiol. 12, 107–117.
Voyiatzi Ch., Voyiatzis D.G., Tsiakmaki V., 1995. In vitro shoot proliferation rates of the rose cv. (hybrid tea) ‘Dr. Verhage’, as affected by apical dominance regulating substances. Sci. Hort. 61, 241–249.
Waseem K., Jilani M.S., Khan M.S., 2009. Rapid plant regeneration of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) through shoot tip culture. African J. Biotech. 8(9), 1871–1877.
Waseem K., Jilani M.S., Khan M.S., Kiran M., Khan G., 2011. Efficient in vitro regeneration of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.) plantlets from nodal segments. African J. Biotech. 10(8), 1477–1484.
Danuta Kozak
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Elżbieta Pogroszewska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Mariusz Szmagara
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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