THE STUDIES ON APPLYING OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS (EM) AND CRF ON NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN LEAVES AND YIELDING OF TOMATO
Tomasz Kleiber
Poznań University of Life SciencesJustyna Starzyk
Poznań University of Life SciencesRomuald Górski
Poznań University of Life SciencesKrzysztof Sobieralski
Poznań University of Life SciencesMarek Siwulski
Poznań University of Life SciencesAnna Rempulska
Poznań University of Life SciencesAgata Sobiak
Poznań University of Life SciencesAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying Effective Microorganisms (EM), at a varied CRF (controlled release fertilizers) fertilization as starter fertilization, on macroelement contents in leaves and yielding of tomato grown in a peat substrate. Application of EM had significant effect – when applied either as seed inoculation or combined seed inoculation + spraying of plants on increase of total and commercial yields of tomato (35.8% and 40%; 44.6% and 35.9%, respectively). In contrast the application of CRF resulted in a significant increase in leaf contents of N (22.3–24.4%), K (13.6–16.6%) and Na (25%) at a simultaneous reduction of contents in case of Ca (9.9–15.7%) and Mg (21.9–23.9%) in comparison with the control combination. In view of environmental protection it is pointless to use starter fertilization in the form of slowrelease fertilizers in case of a cyclical use of fertigation in crop growing. Due to the advantageous effect of Effective Microorganisms on crop yielding it seems advisable to consider their application in commercial crop growing.
Keywords:
Effective Microorganisms (EM), Controlled Release Fertilizers (CRF), tomato, yield, nutrient statusReferences
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Agronomic Division of the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2000 Reference sufficiency ranges vegetable crops. http://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/saaesd/scsb394.pdf
Boligłowa E., Gleń K., 2008. Assessment of Effective Microorganism activity (EM) in winter wheat protection against fungal diseases. Ecol. Chem. Engin. A. 15(1–2), 23–27.
Chohura P., 2000. Zawartość składników pokarmowych w strefie korzeniowej, stan odżywienia i plonowanie pomidora szklarniowego w podłożach inertnych. Praca dokt. Wrocław, 35–83.
Chohura P., Komosa A., 2003. Nutrition status of greenhouse tomato grown in inert media. Part I. Macroelements. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 2(2), 3–13.
Cóndor A., González P., Lokare C., 2007. Effective Microorganisms: Myth or reality? Rev. Peru. Biol. 14(2), 315–319.
Daly M.J., Stewart D.P.C., 1999. Influence of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on vegetable production and carbon mineralization – a preliminary investigation. J. Sustain. Agric. 14(2/3), 15–25.
Frąszczak B., Kleiber T., Klama J., 2012. Impact of effective microorganisms on yields and nutrition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and microbiological properties of the substrate. Afr. J. Agricult. Res. 7(43), 5756–5765.
Gregorich E.G., Carter M.R., Doran J.W., Pankhurst C.E., Dwyer L.M., 1997. Biological attributes of soil quality. In: Soil quality for crop production and ecosystem health, Gregorich E.G., Carter M.R. (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 81–113.
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Golcz A., Kozik E., Bosiacki M., 2009, Slow-release fertilizers in the production of horticultural plants Part. III. Effect of plant nutrition with slow-release and quick acting fertilizers and the harvest time on the biological value of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Res. Applic. Agricult. Engine. 54(3), 40–42.
Górski R., Kleiber T., 2010. The effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on nutrient contents in substrate and development and yielding of rose (Rosa × hybrida) and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii). Ecol. Chem. Engine. S. 17(4), 505–513.
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Higa T., 1998, Effective Microorganisms, concept and recent advances in technology. Proc. Conf. on Effective Microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment. 4th Int. Conf. Kyusei Nature Farming, Bellingham – Washington, 247–248.
Higa T., 2003. EM Technology application in agriculture and environment protection. Proceed. of the 38 Int. Microbiological Symp. Effective Microorganisms (EM) in Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Protection. SGGW, Rogów k. Łodzi, 17–18.
Hussain T., Ahmad R., Jilani G., Higa T., 1994. Applied EM technology. Nature Farming Research Center, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1–6.
Janas R., 2009. The possibilities of using Effective Microorganisms in organic crop production systems. Prob. Agricult. Engine. 3, 111–117.
Jarosz Z., 2002. Plonowanie i skład chemiczny pomidora odmiany Cunero uprawianego na różnych podłożach w szklarni. Praca dokt. AR Lublin.
Jarosz Z., 2004. Skład chemiczny liści i owoców pomidora uprawianego w różnych podłożach w szklarni. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Horticultura 14, 31–36.
Jarosz Z., 2006. Effect of different types of potassium fertilization on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomatoes grown in various substrates. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 5(1), 11–18.
Javaid A., Shah M.B.M., 2010. Growth and yield response of wheat to EM (Effective Microorganisms) and parthenium green manure. Afr. J. Biotech. 9(23), 3373–3381.
Khaliq A., Abbasi M., Hussain T., 2006. Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with Effective Microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan. Biores. Technol. 967–972.
Komosa A., Golcz A., Rokossowska E., 1998. Zastosowanie nawozów wolno- i szybkodziałających w uprawie papryki. Fol. Univ. Agric. Stetin. 190, Agricultura (72), 153–158.
Komosa A., Golcz A., 2009. Dynamics of macronutrient contents in the substrate with localized placement of controlled release fertilizer Osmocote Plus in the growing of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Agroph. 14(1), 83–93.
Komosa A., Kleiber T., Wojtysiak P., 2011. Nutrition of lacy tree philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott et Endl.). Part II. Nutrient contents in leaves. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 10(3), 99–111.
Kozik E., Henschke M., 2004. Wstępna ocena wzrostu i kwitnienia ostróżki wielkokwiatowej (Delphinium grandiflorum L.) w uprawie doniczkowej w zależności od nawożenia Osmocote Plus. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu 360, 111–117.
Li Z., Zhang H., 2000. Application of microbial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. J. Crop Prod. 3, 1(5), 337–347.
Ncube L., Bvenura C., 2012. Effects of the integrated use of effective micro-organisms, compost and mineral fertilizer on greenhouse-grown tomato. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 6(3), 120–124.
Michałojć Z., Nowak L., 2000. Plonowanie i skład chemiczny pomidora uprawianego na podłożach inertnych. Mat. Konf. „Efektywność stosowania nawozów w uprawach ogrodniczych – Zmiany ilościowe i jakościowe w warunkach stresu”. SGGW Warszawa 20–21 czerwca, 70–72.
Park K., Kremer R.J., 2007. Effects of a biological amendment on chemical and biological properties and microbial diversity in soils receiving different organic amendments. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 234–241.
Pawlińska A., Komosa A., 2004. Wpływ podłoży i pożywek na plonowanie pomidora szklarniowego. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu, 356, 173–180.
Sahain M.F.M., Abd El Motty E.Z., El- Shiekh M.H, Hagagg L.F., 2007. Effect of some biostimulant on growth and fruiting of anna apple trees in newly reclaimed areas. Rew. J. Agricult. Biol. Sci., Egypt. 3(5), 422–429.
Sangakkara R., 2002. The technology of effective microorganisms – case studies of application. Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK Research Activities.
Shah S., Saleem M., Shahid M., 2001. Effect of different fertilizers and effective microorganisms on growth, yield and quality of maize. Int. J. Agricult. Biol. 4, 378–379.
Szczepaniak S., Kozik E., 2004. Wpływ rodzaju i objętości podłoża oraz nawozów o spowolnionym działaniu na wzrost młodych roślin nachyłka wielkokwiatowego. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu, 360, 157–161.
Valarini P.J., Diaz Alvares M.C., Gasco J.M., Guerrero F., Tokreshi H., 2003. Assessment of soil properties by organic matter and EM-microorganism incorporation. Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 27, 3, 519–525.
Yan P.S., Xu H.L., 2002. Influence of EM Bokashi on nodulation, physiological characters and yield of peanut in nature farming fields. J. Sustain. Agricult. 19(4), 105–112.
Whipps J.M., 2001. Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 487–511.
Wielgosz E., Dziamba S., Dziamba J., 2010. Effect of application of EM spraying on the populations and activity of soil microorganisms occurring in the root zone of spring barley. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 43, 1–12.
Zydlik P., Zydlik Z., 2008. Impact of biological effective microorganisms (EM) preparations on some physico-chemical properties of soil and the vegetative growth of apple-tree rootstocks. Nauka Przyr. Technol. 2, 1, 4.
Agronomic Division of the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2000 Reference sufficiency ranges vegetable crops. http://www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/saaesd/scsb394.pdf
Boligłowa E., Gleń K., 2008. Assessment of Effective Microorganism activity (EM) in winter wheat protection against fungal diseases. Ecol. Chem. Engin. A. 15(1–2), 23–27.
Chohura P., 2000. Zawartość składników pokarmowych w strefie korzeniowej, stan odżywienia i plonowanie pomidora szklarniowego w podłożach inertnych. Praca dokt. Wrocław, 35–83.
Chohura P., Komosa A., 2003. Nutrition status of greenhouse tomato grown in inert media. Part I. Macroelements. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus, 2(2), 3–13.
Cóndor A., González P., Lokare C., 2007. Effective Microorganisms: Myth or reality? Rev. Peru. Biol. 14(2), 315–319.
Daly M.J., Stewart D.P.C., 1999. Influence of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on vegetable production and carbon mineralization – a preliminary investigation. J. Sustain. Agric. 14(2/3), 15–25.
Frąszczak B., Kleiber T., Klama J., 2012. Impact of effective microorganisms on yields and nutrition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and microbiological properties of the substrate. Afr. J. Agricult. Res. 7(43), 5756–5765.
Gregorich E.G., Carter M.R., Doran J.W., Pankhurst C.E., Dwyer L.M., 1997. Biological attributes of soil quality. In: Soil quality for crop production and ecosystem health, Gregorich E.G., Carter M.R. (eds.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 81–113.
Golcz A., Komosa A., 2006. Uwalnianie się azotu, fosforu i potasu z nawozu wolnodziałającego Osmocote Plus w uprawie papryki (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Agroph. 7(3), 567–576.
Golcz A., Kozik E., Bosiacki M., 2009, Slow-release fertilizers in the production of horticultural plants Part. III. Effect of plant nutrition with slow-release and quick acting fertilizers and the harvest time on the biological value of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Res. Applic. Agricult. Engine. 54(3), 40–42.
Górski R., Kleiber T., 2010. The effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on nutrient contents in substrate and development and yielding of rose (Rosa × hybrida) and gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii). Ecol. Chem. Engine. S. 17(4), 505–513.
Higa T., 1994. Effective microorganisms: A new dimension for nature farming. J.F. Parr et al. (eds.). Proc. the 2nd Int. Nature Farming Conf. USDA, Washington , 20–22.
Higa T., 1996. Effective microorganisms – Their role in Kyusei Nature Farming. J.F. Parr et al. (eds.). Proc. the 3rd Int. Nature Farming Conf. USDA, Washington, 20–23.
Higa T., 1998, Effective Microorganisms, concept and recent advances in technology. Proc. Conf. on Effective Microorganisms for a sustainable agriculture and environment. 4th Int. Conf. Kyusei Nature Farming, Bellingham – Washington, 247–248.
Higa T., 2003. EM Technology application in agriculture and environment protection. Proceed. of the 38 Int. Microbiological Symp. Effective Microorganisms (EM) in Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Protection. SGGW, Rogów k. Łodzi, 17–18.
Hussain T., Ahmad R., Jilani G., Higa T., 1994. Applied EM technology. Nature Farming Research Center, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1–6.
Janas R., 2009. The possibilities of using Effective Microorganisms in organic crop production systems. Prob. Agricult. Engine. 3, 111–117.
Jarosz Z., 2002. Plonowanie i skład chemiczny pomidora odmiany Cunero uprawianego na różnych podłożach w szklarni. Praca dokt. AR Lublin.
Jarosz Z., 2004. Skład chemiczny liści i owoców pomidora uprawianego w różnych podłożach w szklarni. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Horticultura 14, 31–36.
Jarosz Z., 2006. Effect of different types of potassium fertilization on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of greenhouse tomatoes grown in various substrates. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 5(1), 11–18.
Javaid A., Shah M.B.M., 2010. Growth and yield response of wheat to EM (Effective Microorganisms) and parthenium green manure. Afr. J. Biotech. 9(23), 3373–3381.
Khaliq A., Abbasi M., Hussain T., 2006. Effects of integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources with Effective Microorganisms (EM) on seed cotton yield in Pakistan. Biores. Technol. 967–972.
Komosa A., Golcz A., Rokossowska E., 1998. Zastosowanie nawozów wolno- i szybkodziałających w uprawie papryki. Fol. Univ. Agric. Stetin. 190, Agricultura (72), 153–158.
Komosa A., Golcz A., 2009. Dynamics of macronutrient contents in the substrate with localized placement of controlled release fertilizer Osmocote Plus in the growing of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Agroph. 14(1), 83–93.
Komosa A., Kleiber T., Wojtysiak P., 2011. Nutrition of lacy tree philodendron (Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott et Endl.). Part II. Nutrient contents in leaves. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus 10(3), 99–111.
Kozik E., Henschke M., 2004. Wstępna ocena wzrostu i kwitnienia ostróżki wielkokwiatowej (Delphinium grandiflorum L.) w uprawie doniczkowej w zależności od nawożenia Osmocote Plus. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu 360, 111–117.
Li Z., Zhang H., 2000. Application of microbial fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. J. Crop Prod. 3, 1(5), 337–347.
Ncube L., Bvenura C., 2012. Effects of the integrated use of effective micro-organisms, compost and mineral fertilizer on greenhouse-grown tomato. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 6(3), 120–124.
Michałojć Z., Nowak L., 2000. Plonowanie i skład chemiczny pomidora uprawianego na podłożach inertnych. Mat. Konf. „Efektywność stosowania nawozów w uprawach ogrodniczych – Zmiany ilościowe i jakościowe w warunkach stresu”. SGGW Warszawa 20–21 czerwca, 70–72.
Park K., Kremer R.J., 2007. Effects of a biological amendment on chemical and biological properties and microbial diversity in soils receiving different organic amendments. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(4), 234–241.
Pawlińska A., Komosa A., 2004. Wpływ podłoży i pożywek na plonowanie pomidora szklarniowego. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu, 356, 173–180.
Sahain M.F.M., Abd El Motty E.Z., El- Shiekh M.H, Hagagg L.F., 2007. Effect of some biostimulant on growth and fruiting of anna apple trees in newly reclaimed areas. Rew. J. Agricult. Biol. Sci., Egypt. 3(5), 422–429.
Sangakkara R., 2002. The technology of effective microorganisms – case studies of application. Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK Research Activities.
Shah S., Saleem M., Shahid M., 2001. Effect of different fertilizers and effective microorganisms on growth, yield and quality of maize. Int. J. Agricult. Biol. 4, 378–379.
Szczepaniak S., Kozik E., 2004. Wpływ rodzaju i objętości podłoża oraz nawozów o spowolnionym działaniu na wzrost młodych roślin nachyłka wielkokwiatowego. Roczniki AR w Poznaniu, 360, 157–161.
Valarini P.J., Diaz Alvares M.C., Gasco J.M., Guerrero F., Tokreshi H., 2003. Assessment of soil properties by organic matter and EM-microorganism incorporation. Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 27, 3, 519–525.
Yan P.S., Xu H.L., 2002. Influence of EM Bokashi on nodulation, physiological characters and yield of peanut in nature farming fields. J. Sustain. Agricult. 19(4), 105–112.
Whipps J.M., 2001. Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 487–511.
Wielgosz E., Dziamba S., Dziamba J., 2010. Effect of application of EM spraying on the populations and activity of soil microorganisms occurring in the root zone of spring barley. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 43, 1–12.
Zydlik P., Zydlik Z., 2008. Impact of biological effective microorganisms (EM) preparations on some physico-chemical properties of soil and the vegetative growth of apple-tree rootstocks. Nauka Przyr. Technol. 2, 1, 4.
Tomasz Kleiber
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Justyna Starzyk
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Romuald Górski
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Krzysztof Sobieralski
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Marek Siwulski
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Anna Rempulska
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Agata Sobiak
Poznań University of Life Sciences
Poznań University of Life Sciences
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