EFFECTS OF TREATMENT OF APPLE TREES WITH VARIOUS BIOPRODUCTS ON TREE GROWTH AND OCCURRENCE OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE ROOTS
Edyta Derkowska
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandLidia Sas Paszt
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandSławomir Głuszek
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandPaweł Trzciński
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandMichał Przybył
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandMateusz Frąc
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, PolandAbstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate selected bioproducts in terms of their effects on tree growth and the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of trees of two apple cultivars, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Ariwa’, grown under greenhouse conditions. The trees were planted in rhizoboxes and grown under the following fertilization regimes: 0 – control, NPK control, manure, Micosat F, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, BF Amin, BF Quality, Tytanit and Vinassa. The results showed that the biostimulants: Humus UP, Humus Active and Aktywit PM produce beneficial effects on the morphological characteristics of the root system, and Micosat F on the extent of mycorrhiza formation in the roots. The bioproducts used are a safe, effective and economically viable method of fertilizing plants, limiting the use of chemical means of production and thus helping to protect the environment.
Keywords:
plant growth, AMF fungi, Malus × domestica, biopreparationsReferences
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Bhattacharjee, R., Dey, U. (2014). Biofertilizer, a way towards organic agriculture: A review. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 8(24), 2332–2342. DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2013.6374.
Cameron, D.D. (2010). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as (agro)ecosystem engineers. Plant Soil, 333, 1–5. DOI: 10.1007/s11104-010-0361-y.
Derkowska, E., Sas Paszt, L., Harbuzov, A., Trzciński, P., Bogumił, A. (2014). The effect of biopreparations on root growth and microbiol activity in the rhizosphere of apple trees. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 13(6), 127–137.
Derkowska, E., Sas Paszt, L., Dyki, B., Sumorok, B. (2015a). Assessment of mycorrhizal frequency in the roots of fruit plants using different dyes. Adv. Microbiol., 5(1), 54–64. DOI: 10.4236/aim.2015.51006.
Derkowska, E., Sas Paszt, L., Trzciński, P., Przybył, M., Weszczak, K. (2015b). Influence of biofertilizers on plant growth and rhizosphere microbiology of greenhouse-grown strawberry cultivars. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 14(6), 83–96.
Gąstoł, M., Domagała-Świątkiewicz, I. (2015). Mycorrhizal inoculation of apple in replant soils – enhanced tree growth and mineral nutrient status. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 14(4), 17–37.
Grzyb, Z.S., Piotrowski W., Sas Paszt, L., Pąśko, M. (2013). Badania wstępne nad wpływem różnych biopreparatów na zmiany odczynu i zawartość składników w glebie i liściach okulantów jabłoni i wiśni. J. Res. Appli. Agric. Eng., 58 (3), 198–203.
Grzyb, Z.S., Piotrowski, W., Sas Paszt, L. 2014. Treatments comparison of mineral and bio fertilizers in the apple and sour cherry organic nursery. J. Life Sci., 8(11), 889–898.
Hazard, C., Gosling, P., van der Gast, C., Mitchell, D., Doohan, F., Bending, G. (2013). The role of local environment and geographical distance in determining community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the landscape scale. ISME J., 7, 498–508. DOI:10.1038/ismej.2012.127. http://www2.dijon.inra.fr/mychintec/Mycocalc-prg//MYCOCALC.EXE
Jansa, J., Erb, A., Oberholzer, H.-R., Smilauer, P., Egli, S. (2014). Soil and geography are more important determinants of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal communities than management practices in Swiss agricultural soils. Mol. Ecol., 23, 2118–2135. DOI: 10.1111/mec.12706.
Mehta, P., Bharat, N.K. (2013). Effect of indigenous arbuscular – mycorrhiza (Glomus spp.) on apple (Malus domestica) seedlings grown in replant disease soil. Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 83(11), 1173–1178.
Meyer, A.H., Wooldridge, J., Dames, J.F. (2015). Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil. Agric. Ecos. Envir., 213, 114–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.026.
Mishra, P., Dash, D. (2014). Rejuvenation of Biofertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture and Economic Development. (SAED) Consilience J. Sust. Develop., 11(1), 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8FQ9W9H.
Polverigiani, S., Kelderer, M., Lardschneider, E., Neri, D. (2014a). Organic wastes use in horticulture: influences on nutrient supply and apple tree growth. Int. J. Plant Soil Sci., 3(4), 358–371. DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2014/8351.
Polverigiani, S., Kelderer, M., Neri, D. (2014b). Growth of ‘M9’ apple root in five Central Europe replanted soils. Plant Root, 8, 55–63. DOI: 10.3117/plantroot.8.55.
Quilty, J.R., Cattle, S.R. (2011). Use and understanding of organic amendments in Australian agriculture: a review. Soil Res., 49,1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SR10059.
Raviv, M. (2010). The use of mycorrhiza in organicallygrown crops under semi arid conditions: a review of benefits, constraints and future challenges. Symbiosis, 52, 65–74. DOI: 10.1007/s13199-010-0089-8.
Trouvelot, A., Kough, J.L., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V., 1986. Mesure du taux de mycorhization VA d’un systeme radiculaire. Recherche de methods d’estimation ayant une signification fonctionnelle. In: Physiological and genetical aspects of mycorrhizae, Gianinazzi-Pearson, Gianinazzi, S. (eds). INRA, Paris, 217–221.
Tuck, S., Winqvist, C., Mota, F., Ahnström, J., Turnbull, L.A., Bengtsson, J. (2014). Land-use intensity and the effects of organic farming on biodiversity: a hierarchical meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol., 51, 746–755. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12219.
Turrini, A., Giovannetti, M. (2012). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in national parks, nature reserves and protected areas worldwide: a strategic perspective for their in situ conservation. Mycorrhiza, 22, 81–97. DOI: 10.1007/s00572-011-0419-6.
Verbruggen, E., van der Heijden, M., Weedon, J., Kowalchuk, G., Röling, W. (2012). Community assembly, species richness and nestedness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils. Mol. Ecol., 21, 2341–2353. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05534.x.
Wally, O.D., Critchley, A., Hiltz, D., Craigie, J., Han, X., Zaharia, L.I., Abrams, S., Prithiviraj, B., (2013). Regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis following treatment with commercial extract from the marine macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum. J. Plant Growth Regul., 32, 324–339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-012-9301-9.
Willer, H., Kilcher, L. (2011). The World of Organic Agriculture – Statistics and Emerging Trends 2011. IFOAM and FiBL, Bonn. https://shop.fibl.org/fileadmin/documents/shop/1546-organic-world-2011.pdf#page=26.
Edyta Derkowska
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Lidia Sas Paszt
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Sławomir Głuszek
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Paweł Trzciński
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Michał Przybył
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Mateusz Frąc
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
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