The utilization of phosphorus from purified municipal sewage by cultivated plants
Wiesław Bednarek
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158Adam Kaczor
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158Renata Reszka
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158Abstract
The aim of this study was the agrochemical evaluation of purified municipal sewage as a source of phosphorus - one of the basic nutrients. The study was based on the chemical analysis of plant material obtained from a strict two-year pot experiment. The soil material used for the ex-periments was collected from the depositional layer of the peak-muck soil made of low moor peat (organic soil) and from podzolic soil with granulometric composition of light loamy sand (mineral soil). The test plants were spring barley, spring rape and sunflower. The application of purified municipal sewage influenced the increase of phosphorus content in the dry plant matter. The increase was more conspicuous in plants grown on the organic soil. This justifies the statement that sewage can be a source of phosphorus for plants, which is comparable with mineral fertilizers. The plants watered with sewage took a little less phosphorus than those fertilized with mineral salts. Also fertilization with sewage supplemented with salts in most cases affected the absorption of this component less effectively than fertilization with mineral salts in the optimum rate. When equivalent amounts of phosphorus were applied, the test plants utilized the analyzed component from mineral fertilizers to a greater extent than that from purified municipal sewage. Similarly, the application of sewage and supplementing it with mineral salts up to the level that was assumed as optimum contributed to the decrease of the degree in which phosphorus was utilized in comparison with that found in the treat-ments where mineral salts in the optimum rate were exclusively used. Among the tested species, spring rape is the most suitable for thorough sewage treatment.
Keywords:
phosphorus, utilization, sewage effluent, pot experimentReferences
Bieniek B., Grabowski K., Różańska E., Bagiński K. 2000. The effects of irrigation with food industry sewage water on soil fertility and hay quality. Biul. Nauk. UWM 9, 153-160. (in Polish)
Borowiec J., Gajda J. 1993. Influence of many-year flooding of meadows with municipal sewage on chemical properties of soil and plants. Zesz. Nauk. AR w Krakowie 37, 205-215. (in Polish)
Czuba R. 2001. Phosphorus in present national fertilization system. Prace Nauk. AE, Wrocław 888, 144 -150. (in Polish)
Czyżyk F. 1968. Effect of town sewage sprinkling upon yields botanical composition of a meadows. Wiad. IMUZ 7, 4, 41-55. (in Polish)
Czyżyk F. 1994. Effect of many years irrigations of wastewater on the soil, underground water and plants. Wyd. IMUZ-Falenty, 1-77. (in Polish)
Filipek T., Olek J. 1999. Agricultural utilisation of sewage and eutrophication pressure of waters. Fol. Univ. Agric. Stetin. 200, Agricultura, 77, 93-97. (in Polish)
Johansson L., Hylander L. 1998. Phosphorus removal from waste water by filter media: Retention and estimated plant availability of sorbed phosphorus. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 458, 397-409.
Kaczor A., Brodowska M.S. 2001. Changes in anion composition of the hay from meadows irrigated with municipal sewage. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 477, 363-369. (in Polish)
Kaczor A., Kozłowska J. 1996. The effect of purified municipal sewage on the yield and ionic composition of cocksfoot. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol. 437, 223-228. (in Polish)
Kaczor A., Kozłowska J. 1997a. Yield and the cation composition of plants fertilized with municipal sewage of Lublin. Part I. Spring rape and sunflower. Wyd. PTMag. Oddz. Lublin, 23-30. (in Polish)
Kaczor A., Kozłowska J. 1997b. Yield and the cation composition of plants fertilized with municipal sewage of Lublin. Part II. Spring barley. Wyd. PTMag. Oddz. Lublin, 31-36. (in Polish)
Kutera J. 1969. Experiments on border strip irrigation of summer barley with municipal sewage. Wiad. IMUZ 8, 2, 61-80. (in Polish)
Majdowski F. 1968. Water and nutrient balance of a meadow on light soil irrigated with town sewage on the basis of lysimetric investigations. Wiad. IMUZ 7, 4, 20-37. (in Polish)
Sapek A. 1998. Phosphorus cycle in Polish agriculture. Conf. Proc., Sielinko near Poznań. Phosphorus in agriculture and water quality protection, 8-18.
Szerszeń L., Chodak T., Kabała C., Lewandowska M. 1996. Properties of soils under wastewaters irrigation in Wrocław-Osobowice. Zesz. Nauk. AR we Wrocławiu 293, Konf. 13, 1, 117-124. (in Polish)
Talik B. 1993. Evaluation of grass mixture under the conditions of the whole-year irrigation of meadows with the use of municipal wastes. Wiad. IMUZ 17, 4,159-173. (in Polish)
Talik B., Pławiński R. 1995. Effect of vary utilization of with municipal sewage irrigated meadows on the crop yields, its quality and the life of grass mixture. Wiad. IMUZ, 18, 3, 167-177. (in Polish)
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin 1, PO Box 158
License
Articles are made available under the conditions CC BY 4.0 (until 2020 under the conditions CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Submission of the paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
The author signs a statement of the originality of the work, the contribution of individuals, and source of funding.
Self-Archiving Policy
Agronomy Science has adopted a self-archiving policy called blue by the Sherpa Romeo database. From 2021 authors can self-archive article postprints and editorial versions (under the CC BY 4.0 licence). Articles from earlier years (available under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence) can only be self-archived as editorial versions.
