VOLATILE AND SOME FRUIT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW PROMISING PEACH GENOTYPES
Burhanettin İmrak
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, TurkeyAyzin B. Küden
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, TurkeyEmine Tanriver
Beta Fruit Nursery Company, Adana, TurkeyEbru Kafkas
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, TurkeyAbstract
Peach breeding studies were initiated in 1998 to improve early cultivars for subtropical conditions and late cultivars for highland areas. 4 genotypes (RU-24, J-92, J-
28 and S-6) were selected and are currently in the process of being patented. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate these promising genotypes in terms of their volatile compounds using Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction Mass Spectrometry (HSSPME/GC/MS) techniques. Volatile compounds, especially esters, are the main contributors to fruity and floral notes and pleasant fruıt flavours. Esters comprised the majority of volatile compounds in all four peach genotypes, however the composition of volatile compounds differed among genotypes. J-92 contained the most esters, while Ru-24 contained the least. Ru-24, however, contained the highest levels of lactones, aldehydes, and total acids of the four genotypes tested. The S-6 genotype contained the most total alcohols. Thus, the volatile composition and contents depended largely upon the peach genetic background. In addition to the volatile compounds, the highest fruit weight were detected
in genotype Ru-24 and total soluble solids (TSS) was greatest in genotype S-6.
Keywords:
peach, aroma, GC/MS, Headspce, SPMEReferences
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Aubert, C., Milhet, C. (2007). Distribution of the volatile compounds in the different parts of a white-fleshed. J. Agr. Food Chem., 102, 375–384.
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Byrne, D.H. (2002). Peach breeding trends. Act. Hort., 592, 49–59.
Derail, C., Hofman, T., Schieberle, T. (1999). Differences in key odorants of handmade juice of yellow – flesh peaches induced by the workup procedure. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 47, 4742– 4745.
Do, J.Y., Salunkhe, D.K., Olson, L.E. (1969). Isolation, identification and comparison of the volatiles of peach fruit as related to harvest maturity and artificial ripening. J. Agr. Food Sci., 34, 618–621.
Goffreda, J.C. (1999). White-fleshed peach and apricot breeding. proceedings of the 42nd annual ınternational dwarf fruit tree association conference, 20–24 February. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 4–6.
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Engel, K.H., Ramming D.W., Flath R.A., Teranishi R. (1988a). Investigation of volatile constituents in nectarines. 2. Changes in aroma composition during nectarine maturation. J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 1003–1006.
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Génard, M., Bruchou, C. (1992). Multivariate analysis of within-tree factors accounting for the variation of peach fruit quality. Sci. Hort., 52, 37–51.
Horvat, R.J., Chapman, G.W. (1990a). Comparison of volatile compounds from peach fruit and leaves (cv. monroe) during maturation. J. Agr. Food Chem., 38, 1442–1444.
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Jia, H.J., Araki, A., Okamoto, G. (2005). Influence of fruit bagging on aroma volatiles and skin coloration of ‘Hakuho’ peach (Prunus Persica Batsch). Postharv. Biol. Tec., 35, 61–68.
Jia, H.J., Hirano, K., Okamoto, G. (1999). Effects of fertilizer levels on tree growth and fruit quality of ‘Hakuho’ peaches (Prunus Persica). J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 68, 487–493.
Kafkas, E., Lavid, M., Schwab, W., Koch-Dean, M., Kafkas, E., Bar Larkov, O., Ravid, U., Lewinsohn, E. (2005). Comparison of methodologies for the identification of aroma compounds in strawberry. Turk. J. Field Crops., 29, 383–390.
Kakiuchi, N., Ohmiya, A. (1991). Changes in the composition and content of volatile constituents in peach fruits in relation to maturity at harvest and artificial ripening. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 60, 209–216.
Kaşka, N., Küden, A. (1998). Proceedings of the symposium on the physiology of fruit drop, ripening, storage and post-harvest processing of fruits. Adana, Turkey, pp.18.
Küden, A.B., Küden, A., Kaşka, N. (1997). Cherry growing in the subtropics. Act. Hort., 441, 71–74.
Küden, A.B., Kaşka, N. (1993). Investigations on various methods of determining rest completion. Turk. J. Field Crops., 17, 23–27.
Küden, A.B., Özmetli, F., Kaska, N., Küden, A. (1995). Bazı yeni şeftali ve nektarin çeşitlerinin verim ve kalite özelliklerinin saptanması. 2nd National Hort. Congress Turkey, 2, 111.
Kühn, B.F., Thybo, A.K. (2001). The influence of sensory and physiochemical quality on danish children's preferences for apples. Food. Qual. Prefer., 12, 543–550.
Lavilla, M.T., Recasens, I., López, M.L., Puy, J. (2002). Multivariate analysis of maturity stages, including quality and aroma, in ‘royal glory’ peaches and ‘big top’ nectarines. J. Agr. Food Sci., 82, 1842–1849.
Monet, R. (1995). Peach tree: Cropping techniques and nurseries. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Bari, 42.
Moser, R., Düvel, D., Greve, R. (1980). Volatile constituents and fatty acid composition of lipids in durio zibethinus. Ph. Chem., 19, 79–81.
Pawliszyn, J. (1999). Applications of solid phase microextraction (rsc chromatography monographs). Cambridge, UK, Royal Society of Chem. Book.
Peneau, S., Hoehn, E., Roth, H.R., Escher, F., Nuessli, J. (2006). Importance and consumer perception of freshness of apples. Food. Qual. Prefer., 17, 9–19.
Rieger M. 2006., Mark’s Fruit Crops. http://www.fruit-crops.com/
Rizzolo, A., Vanoli, M., Visai, C. (1993). Effect of cold storage on volatile constituents of peaches and nectarines. Acta Hort., 379, 467–474.
Robertson, J.A., Horvat, R.J., Lyon, B.G., Meredith, F.I., Senter, S.D., Okie, W.R. (1990). Comparison of quality characteristics of selected yellow- and white-fleshed peach cultivars. J. Food Sci., 55, 1308–1311.
Sansavini, S., Gamberini, A., Bassi, D. (2006). Peach breeding, genetics and new cultivar trends. Acta Hort., 713, 23–48
Sevenants, M.R., Jennings, W.G. (1966). Volatile components of peach. J. Agr. Food Sci., 31, 81–86.
Son, L., Küden, A.B. (1995). Dormex and promalin affects fruit set and earliness of apricot and plum cultivars. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 33, 59–64.
Spencer, M.D., Pangborn, R.M., Jennings, W.G. (1978). Gas chromatographic and sensory analysis of volatiles from chling peaches. J. Agr. Food Chem., 26, 725–732.
Sumitani, H., Suekane, S., Nakatani, A., Tatsuka, K. (1994). Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach. J. Agr. Food Chem., 42, 785–790.
Takeoka, G.R., Flat, R.A., Guentert, M., Jennings, W. (1988). Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling. J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 553–560.
Vermeir, S., Hertog, M.L., Vankerschaver, K., Swennen, R., Nicolai, B.M., Lammertyn, J. (2009). Instrumental based flavour characterisation of banana fruit. Lwt-Food Sci. Tech. 42, 1647–1653.
Visai, C., Vanoli, M. (1997). Volatile compound production during growth and ripening of peaches and nectarines. Sci. Hort., 70, 15–24.
Wang, Y., Yang, C., Li, S., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Jiang, Q. (2009). Volatile characteristics of 50 peaches and nectarines evaluated by Hp–Spme with Gc–Ms. Food Chem., 116, 356–364.
Watada, A.E., Anderson, R.E., Aulenbach, B.B. (1979). Sensory, compositional and volatile attributes of controlled atmosphere stored peaches. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 104, 626–629.
Yildiz, A. (1995). Çukurova University Phd Thesis. Çukurova University İn Turkey. 296. Zhang, H.M., Wang, J. (2007). Detection of age and insect damage incurred by wheat, with an electronic nose. J. Stor. Prod. Res., 43, 489–495.
Aubert, C., Milhet, C. (2007). Distribution of the volatile compounds in the different parts of a white-fleshed. J. Agr. Food Chem., 102, 375–384.
Badenes, M.L., Llácer, G., Crisosto, C.H. (2006). Mejora de la calidad de frutales de hueso. In: Llácer, G., Díez, M.J., Carrillo, J.M., Badenes, M.L. (eds). Mejora genética de la calidad en plantas. Sociedad Española de Ciencias Hortícolas y Sociedad Española de Genítica, Valencia, 551–578.
Baldry, J., Dougan, J., Howard, G.E. (1972). Volatile flavouring constituents of Durian. Ph. Chem., 11, 2081–2084.
Byrne, D.H. (2002). Peach breeding trends. Act. Hort., 592, 49–59.
Derail, C., Hofman, T., Schieberle, T. (1999). Differences in key odorants of handmade juice of yellow – flesh peaches induced by the workup procedure. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 47, 4742– 4745.
Do, J.Y., Salunkhe, D.K., Olson, L.E. (1969). Isolation, identification and comparison of the volatiles of peach fruit as related to harvest maturity and artificial ripening. J. Agr. Food Sci., 34, 618–621.
Goffreda, J.C. (1999). White-fleshed peach and apricot breeding. proceedings of the 42nd annual ınternational dwarf fruit tree association conference, 20–24 February. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 4–6.
Chapman, G.W., Horvat, R.J., Forbus, W.R. (1991). Physical and chemical changes during the maturation of peaches. J. Agr. Food Chem., 39, 867–870.
Engel, K.H., Ramming D.W., Flath R.A., Teranishi R. (1988a). Investigation of volatile constituents in nectarines. 2. Changes in aroma composition during nectarine maturation. J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 1003–1006.
Engel, K.H., Flath, R.A., Buttery, R.G., Mon, T.R., Ramming, D.W., Teranishi, R. (1988b). Investigation of volatile constituents in nectarines. 1. Analytical and sensory characterization of aroma components in some nectarine cultivars. J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 549–553.
Fideghelli, M., Robertson, J.A., Horvat, R.J. (1989). Changes in physical and chemical parameters associated with quality and postharvest ripening of harvester peaches. J Agric. Food Chem., 37, 1210–1214.
Génard, M., Bruchou, C. (1992). Multivariate analysis of within-tree factors accounting for the variation of peach fruit quality. Sci. Hort., 52, 37–51.
Horvat, R.J., Chapman, G.W. (1990a). Comparison of volatile compounds from peach fruit and leaves (cv. monroe) during maturation. J. Agr. Food Chem., 38, 1442–1444.
Horvat, R.J., Chapman, G.W., Robertson, J.A., Meredith, F.I., Scorza, R., Callahan, A.M., Morgens, P. (1990b). Comparison of the volatile compounds from several commercial peach cultivars. J. Agr. Food Chem., 38, 234–237.
Jia, H.J., Araki, A., Okamoto, G. (2005). Influence of fruit bagging on aroma volatiles and skin coloration of ‘Hakuho’ peach (Prunus Persica Batsch). Postharv. Biol. Tec., 35, 61–68.
Jia, H.J., Hirano, K., Okamoto, G. (1999). Effects of fertilizer levels on tree growth and fruit quality of ‘Hakuho’ peaches (Prunus Persica). J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 68, 487–493.
Kafkas, E., Lavid, M., Schwab, W., Koch-Dean, M., Kafkas, E., Bar Larkov, O., Ravid, U., Lewinsohn, E. (2005). Comparison of methodologies for the identification of aroma compounds in strawberry. Turk. J. Field Crops., 29, 383–390.
Kakiuchi, N., Ohmiya, A. (1991). Changes in the composition and content of volatile constituents in peach fruits in relation to maturity at harvest and artificial ripening. J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 60, 209–216.
Kaşka, N., Küden, A. (1998). Proceedings of the symposium on the physiology of fruit drop, ripening, storage and post-harvest processing of fruits. Adana, Turkey, pp.18.
Küden, A.B., Küden, A., Kaşka, N. (1997). Cherry growing in the subtropics. Act. Hort., 441, 71–74.
Küden, A.B., Kaşka, N. (1993). Investigations on various methods of determining rest completion. Turk. J. Field Crops., 17, 23–27.
Küden, A.B., Özmetli, F., Kaska, N., Küden, A. (1995). Bazı yeni şeftali ve nektarin çeşitlerinin verim ve kalite özelliklerinin saptanması. 2nd National Hort. Congress Turkey, 2, 111.
Kühn, B.F., Thybo, A.K. (2001). The influence of sensory and physiochemical quality on danish children's preferences for apples. Food. Qual. Prefer., 12, 543–550.
Lavilla, M.T., Recasens, I., López, M.L., Puy, J. (2002). Multivariate analysis of maturity stages, including quality and aroma, in ‘royal glory’ peaches and ‘big top’ nectarines. J. Agr. Food Sci., 82, 1842–1849.
Monet, R. (1995). Peach tree: Cropping techniques and nurseries. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Bari, 42.
Moser, R., Düvel, D., Greve, R. (1980). Volatile constituents and fatty acid composition of lipids in durio zibethinus. Ph. Chem., 19, 79–81.
Pawliszyn, J. (1999). Applications of solid phase microextraction (rsc chromatography monographs). Cambridge, UK, Royal Society of Chem. Book.
Peneau, S., Hoehn, E., Roth, H.R., Escher, F., Nuessli, J. (2006). Importance and consumer perception of freshness of apples. Food. Qual. Prefer., 17, 9–19.
Rieger M. 2006., Mark’s Fruit Crops. http://www.fruit-crops.com/
Rizzolo, A., Vanoli, M., Visai, C. (1993). Effect of cold storage on volatile constituents of peaches and nectarines. Acta Hort., 379, 467–474.
Robertson, J.A., Horvat, R.J., Lyon, B.G., Meredith, F.I., Senter, S.D., Okie, W.R. (1990). Comparison of quality characteristics of selected yellow- and white-fleshed peach cultivars. J. Food Sci., 55, 1308–1311.
Sansavini, S., Gamberini, A., Bassi, D. (2006). Peach breeding, genetics and new cultivar trends. Acta Hort., 713, 23–48
Sevenants, M.R., Jennings, W.G. (1966). Volatile components of peach. J. Agr. Food Sci., 31, 81–86.
Son, L., Küden, A.B. (1995). Dormex and promalin affects fruit set and earliness of apricot and plum cultivars. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci., 33, 59–64.
Spencer, M.D., Pangborn, R.M., Jennings, W.G. (1978). Gas chromatographic and sensory analysis of volatiles from chling peaches. J. Agr. Food Chem., 26, 725–732.
Sumitani, H., Suekane, S., Nakatani, A., Tatsuka, K. (1994). Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach. J. Agr. Food Chem., 42, 785–790.
Takeoka, G.R., Flat, R.A., Guentert, M., Jennings, W. (1988). Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling. J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 553–560.
Vermeir, S., Hertog, M.L., Vankerschaver, K., Swennen, R., Nicolai, B.M., Lammertyn, J. (2009). Instrumental based flavour characterisation of banana fruit. Lwt-Food Sci. Tech. 42, 1647–1653.
Visai, C., Vanoli, M. (1997). Volatile compound production during growth and ripening of peaches and nectarines. Sci. Hort., 70, 15–24.
Wang, Y., Yang, C., Li, S., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Jiang, Q. (2009). Volatile characteristics of 50 peaches and nectarines evaluated by Hp–Spme with Gc–Ms. Food Chem., 116, 356–364.
Watada, A.E., Anderson, R.E., Aulenbach, B.B. (1979). Sensory, compositional and volatile attributes of controlled atmosphere stored peaches. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 104, 626–629.
Yildiz, A. (1995). Çukurova University Phd Thesis. Çukurova University İn Turkey. 296. Zhang, H.M., Wang, J. (2007). Detection of age and insect damage incurred by wheat, with an electronic nose. J. Stor. Prod. Res., 43, 489–495.
Burhanettin İmrak
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
Ayzin B. Küden
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
Emine Tanriver
Beta Fruit Nursery Company, Adana, Turkey
Beta Fruit Nursery Company, Adana, Turkey
Ebru Kafkas
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
University of Çukurova, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
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