Nitrogen foliar feeding in relation to the yield of raw material and the chemical composition of the essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.)
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 LublinAbstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most important species of herbal plants cultivated in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foliar feeding with urea on the plant growth, herb yield, as well as the content and chemical composition of essential oil of sage. Foliar application of nitrogen was carried out on June 11 (one dose), 11 and 18 June (two doses) and 11, 18 and June 25 (three doses). It was shown that foliar nitrogen application resulted in a significant increase in plant height and weight of air-dried herb and leaves. The greatest mass of air-dried herb (20.84 g · plant–1) was obtained after a single application, and the largest mass of air-dried leaves (10.83 g · plant–1) – after two applications. The oil content in the leaves of the studied plants varied from 1.70 to 1.92%. In the sage essential oil the following dominated: camphor (21.74–25.66%), cis-thujone (13.38–17.90%), trans-thujone (7.53–10.16%), 1,8-cineole (8.23–9.52%), α-humulene (6.11–17.70%), and borneol (4.96–7.22%). Foliar application of nitrogen contributed to a reduction of 1,8-cineole, cis and trans-thujone, camphor and borneol content and to an increase in the concentration of E-caryophyllene and α-humulene.
Keywords:
Lamiaceae, urea, oil compounds, camphor, α-thujone, 1,8-cineoleReferences
Ali A., Tabanca N., Demirci B., Blythe E.K., Ali Z., Can Baser K.H., Khan I.A., 2015. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Four Salvia Essential Oils and Individual Compounds against Two Species of Mosquitoes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 63, 447−456.
Arraiza M.P., Arrabal C., López J.V., 2012. Seasonal variation of essential oil yield and composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) grown in Castilla – La Mancha (Central Spain). Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. 40 (2), 1–3.
Aziz E.E., El-Ashry S.M., 2009. Efficiency of slow release urea fertilizer on herb yield and essential oil production of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plant. Am.-Eurasian J. Agric. En- viron. Sci. 5 (2), 141–147.
Baj T., Ludwiczuk A., Sieniawska E., Skalicka-Woźniak K., Widelski J., Ziemba K., Głowniak K., 2013. GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of extraction methods of the volatile components. Acta Pol. Pharm. Drug Res. 70 (1), 35–40.
Baydar H., Sangun M.K., Erbas S., Kara N., 2013. Comparison of aroma compounds in distilled and extracted products of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plant. 16 (1), 39–44.
Bernotienė G., Nivinskienė O., Butkienė R., Mockutė D., 2007. Essential oil composition varia-bility in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Chemija 18 (4), 38–43.
Bielski S., Szempliński W., Żuk-Gołaszewska K., 2011. Nawożenie a plon i jakość surowca szałwii lekarskiej (Salvia officinalis L.). Fragm. Agron. 28 (2), 7–14.
Czarnecki M., Dedio I., Krysiuk W., Załęcki R., 1992. Wpływ sposobów dokarmiania jednorocznej szałwii lekarskiej (Salvia officinalis L.) na plon surowca i zawartość olejku eterycznego. Herba Pol. 1, 30–36.
Farmakopea Polska VIII. 2008. Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne, Warszawa.
Fu Z., Wang H., Hu X., Sun Z., Han Ch., 2013. The pharmacological properties of Salvia essential oils. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 3 (7), 122–127.
Galambosi B., Galambosi Zs., Pessala R., Hupila I., Aflatuni A., Repcak M., Svoboda P.K., 2002. Yield and quality of selected herb cultivars in Finland. Acta Hortic. 576, 139–149.
ISO 9909:1997. Oil of Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.).
Kołodziej B., 2009. Wpływ sposobu zakładania plantacji i nawożenia dolistnego na plon i jakość tymianku pospolitego. Annales UMCS, sec. E, Agricultura 64 (2), 1–7.
Król B. 2009. Efekty dolistnego stosowania Tytanitu i Ekolistu w uprawie tymianku. Annales UMCS, sec. E, Agricultura 64 (1), 1–6.
Manukyan A., 2011. Effect of growing factors on productivity and quality of lemon catmint, lemon balm and sage under soilless greenhouse production: I. Drought stress. Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. Biotech. 5 (2), 119–125.
Mossi A.J., Cansian R.L., Paroul N., Toniazzo G., Oliveira J.V., Pierozan M.K., Pauletti G., Rota L., Santos A.C.A., Serafini L.A., 2011. Morphological characterisation and agronomical parameters of different species of Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae). Braz. J. Biol. 71 (1), 121–129.
Nadjafi F., Mahdavi Damghani M., Tabrizi L., Nejad Ebrahimi S., 2014. Effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil content of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants 17 (2), 237–250.
Newerli-Guz J., Śmiechowska M., Piotrkowska J., 2009. Substancje aromatyzujące jako składniki herbatek ziołowo-owocowych. Zesz. Nauk. AMG 61, 19–32.
Nurzyńska-Wierdak R., 2012. Sweet basil essential oil composition: relationship between cultivar, foliar feeding with nitrogen and oil content. J. Essent. Oil Res. 24 (3), 217–227.
Porte A., Godoy R.L.O., Maia-Porte L.H., 2013. Chemical composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil from the Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Campinas 15 (3), 438–441.
Prodan M., Tabǎrǎ V., 2010. Research concerning the increase of herba of culinary sage (Salvia officinalis L.) through certain cultivation technologies in the conditions of the didactic station in Timişoara in 2007. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 42 (1), 51–56.
Raina A.P., Negi K.S., Dutta M., 2013. Variability in essential oil composition of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) grown under North Western Himalayan Region of India. J. Med. Plant. Res. 7 (11), 683–688.
Said-Al Ahl H., Hussein M.S., Gendy A.S.H., Tkachenko K.G., 2015. Quality of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil grown in Egypt. Internat. J. Plant Sci. Ecol. 1 (4), 119–123.
Strzelecka H., Kowalski J., 2000. Encyklopedia zielarstwa i ziołolecznictwa. Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.
Tosun A., Khan S., Kim Y.S., Calín-Sánchez Á., Hysenaj X., Carbonell-Barrachina Á.A., 2014. Essential oil composition and anti-inflammatory activity of Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) in murin macrophages. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 13 (6), 937–942.
Van Den Dool H., Kratz P.D., 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromat. 11, 463–471.
Verma R.S., Padalia R.C., Chauhan A., 2015. Harvesting season and plant part dependent variations in the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. grown in northern India. J. Herb. Med. 5, 165–171.
Zawiślak G., 2003. Ocena plonowania szałwii lekarskiej (Salvia officinalis L.) w drugim roku uprawy. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 2 (2), 85–90.
Zawiślak G., 2010. Szałwia lekarska (Salvia officinalis L.). W: B. Kołodziej (red.), Uprawa ziół. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Zawiślak G., 2014. Yield and chemical composition of essential oil from Salvia officinalis L. in third year of cultivation. Herba Pol. 60 (3), DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2014-0012.
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
License
Submitting an article for publication, the author declares that he has full economic and moral rights to the work and publication of his article will not infringe the rights of third persons. The author signs a statement on the originality of the work and the contribution of individuals.
When an author submits his article for publication in the „Annales Horticulturae” it means he grants licence to exploit copyright to his article under the Creative Commons licence – Attribution - Non-Commercial - No-Derivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
