EXOGENUS ‘GA3’ AND ‘GA4+7’ EFFECTS ON PHENOLOGICAL INDICES, FROST HARDINESS AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF ‘ENGLISH MORELLO’ SOUR CHERRY (Prunus cerasus L.)
Robert Kurlus
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandSławomir Świerczyński
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandKrzysztof Rutkowski
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandHenryk Ratajkiewicz
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandAgnieszka Malinowska
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandAleksandra Wyrwał
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, PolandAbstract
Exogenous gibberellins GA3 and GA4+7 treatments on ‘English Morello’ sour cherry trees 58 days after anthesis were evaluated in relation to their effect on fruit firmness, size distribution, colour development, titratable acidity to firmness ratio, yield, efficiency indices as well as leaf fall senescence. Moreover in the season following the applications their effect on flower bud characteristics including frost hardiness, fruit set and fruit drop, were examined. Foliar GA3 treatment had the most positive effect on ‘English Morello’ fruit size in the year of application and in the following season. GA4+7 treatment in the first experimental year increased sour cherry fruit firmness. Both GA3 and GA4+7 delayed leaf senescence process in the autumn. GA3 application had a positive effect on flower buds survival in comparison to control trees after frost occurred in spring. No GAs subsequent effect on next year fruit set and yield compared to control was found.
Keywords:
gibberellins, fruit size, firmness, fruit colour, yieldReferences
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Basak, A., Rozpara, E., Grzyb, Z. (1998). Use of bioregulators to reduce sweet cherry tree growth and to improve fruit quality. Acta Hortic., 468, 719–724.
Birke, A., Pérez-Staples, D., Greany, P., Aluja, M. (2011). Interplay between foraging behaviour, adult density and fruit ripeness determines the effectiveness of gibberellic acid and host-marking pheromone in reducing susceptibility of grapefruit to infestation by the Mexican fruitfly, Anastrepha ludens. Int. J. Pest Manag.,
57, 321–328.
Buban, T. (1996). Using plant growth regulators to increase fruit set in sour cherry trees. Proc. Int. Cherry Symp., Acta Hortic., 410, 307–310.
Bukovac, M.J., Hull, J., Jr, Kesner, C.D., Larsen, R.P. (1986). Prevention of flowering and promotion of spur formation with gibberellin increases cropping efficiency
in ‘Montmorency’ sour cherry. Ann. Rep. Mich. State Hortic. Soc., 116, 122–131.
Bukovac, M.J., Yuda, E. (1991). Gibberellin increases cropping efficiency in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). In: Gibberellins, Takahashi N., Phinney B.O., MacMillan
J. (eds). Springer, New York, 350–360.
Bukovac, M.J., Yuda, E., Murofushi, N., Takahashi, N. (1979). Endogenous plant growth substances in developing fruit of Prunus cerasus L.. VII. Isolation of gibberellin
A32. Plant Phys., 63(1), 129–132.
Cardoso, J.C., Ono, E.O., Rodrigues, J.D. (2012). Gibberellic acid in vegetative and reproductive development of Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid genus. Hortic. Bras.,
30(1), 71–74.
Chang, J., Lin, T. (2006). GA3 increases fruit weight in “Yu Her Pau” litchi. Sci. Hortic., 108(4), 442–443.
Choi, C., Toivonen, P., Wiersma, P.A., Kappel, F. (2004). Effect of gibberellic acid during development of sweet cherry fruit: physiological and molecular changes. Acta
Hortic., 636, 489–495.
Clayton, M., Biasi, W.V., Agar, I.T., Southwick, S.M., Mitcham, E.J. (2006). Sensory quality of ‘Bing’ sweet cherries following preharvest treatment with hydrogen
cyanamide, calcium ammonium nitrate, or gibberellic acid. HortScience, 41, 745–748.
Cline, J.A., Trought, M. (2007). Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries. Can. J. Plant. Sci., 87, 545–550.
Csukasi, F., Osorio, S., Gutierrez, J.R., Kitamura, J., Giavalisco, P., Nakijama, M., Medina-Escobar, N. (2011). Gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling during
development of the strawberry receptacle. New Phytol., 191(2), 376–390.
Curry, E. (2012). Increase in epidermal planar cell density accompanies decreased russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples treated with gibberellin A4+7. HortScience,
47(2), 232–237.
Demirsoy, L., Bilgener, S. (2000). The effect of chemical applications on cuticular and epidermal properties of some sweet cherry cultivars with respect to fruit cracking
susceptibility. Turk. J. Agric. For., 24, 541–550.
Einhorn, T.C., Wang, Y., Turner, J. (2013). Sweet cherry fruit firmness and postharvest quality of late-maturing cultivars are improved with low-rate, single applications
of gibberellic acid. HortScience, 48(8), 1010–1017.
Fotirić Akšić, M., Rakonjac, V. Nikoli, D., Zec, G. (2013). Características da biologia reprodutiva que afetam a produtividade de cereja ácida (Reproductive biology traits affecting productivity of sour cherry). Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 48(1), 33–41.
Galván, J.J., Valdez, L.A., Reyes, V.M., Martínez, A., Salazar, O. (2012). Fruit set and characteristics of the fruit of orange and its relation to exogenous and endogenous
levels of GA3. Acta Hortic., 928, 303–306.
Gonzalez-Rossia, D., Juan, M., Reig, C., Agusti, M. (2006). The inhibition of flowering by means of gibberellic acid application reduces the cost of hand thinning
in Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Sci. Hortic., 110(4), 319–323.
Hed, B., Ngugi, H.K., Travis, J.W. (2011). Use of gibberellic acid for management of bunch rot on Chardonnay and Vignoles grape. Plant Dis., 95(3), 269–278.
Jadczuk-Tobjasz, E., Bednarski, R. (2007). Wstępna ocena wzrostu i owocowania dziesięciu odmian wiśni (Preliminary evaluation of the growth and yielding of 10
sour cherry cultivars). Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sadow. Kwiac., 15, 17–27.
Kappel, F., MacDonald, R. (2007). Early gibberellic acid sprays increase firmness and fruit size of Sweetheart sweet cherry. J. Am. Pomol. Soc., 61(1), 38–43.
Khorshidi, S., Davarynejad, G. (2010). Influence of preharvest ethephon spray on fruit quality and chemical attributes of ‘Cigany’ sour cherry cultivar. J. Biol. Environ.
Sci., 4(12), 133–141.
Knoche, M., Peschel, S. (2007). Gibberellins increase cuticle deposition in developing tomato fruit. Plant Grow. Reg., 51(1), 1–10.
Knoche, M., Khanal, B.P., Stopar, M. (2011). Russeting and microcracking of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit concomitantly decline due to gibberellin A4+ 7 application.
J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 136(3), 159–164.
Kondo, S., Danjo, C. (2001). Cell wall polysaccharide metabolism during fruit development in sweet cherry ‘Satohnishiki’ as affected by gibberellic acid. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 70(2), 178–184.
Lampe, I., Hilsendegen, P. (2006). Die Inhaltsstoffe der Sauerkirsche, Projekt der Fachgruppe Obstbau. Available: www.obstbau.rlp.de [date of access: Feb 11, 2014].
Lenahan, O.M., Whiting, M.D. (2008). Gibberellic acid is a potential sweet cherry crop load management tool. Acta Hortic., 795, 513–516.
Lenahan, O.M., Whiting, M.D., Elfving, D.C. (2006). Gibberellic acid inhibits floral bud induction and improves ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality. HortScience, 41(3), 654–659.
Looney, N.E., Pharis, R.P., Noma, M. (1985). Promotion of flowering in apple trees with gibberellin A4 and C-3 epi-gibberellin A4. Planta, 165(2), 292–294.
Mesejo, C., Reig, C., Martínez-Fuentes, A., Agustí, M. (2010). Parthenocarpic fruit production in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) by using gibberellic acid.
Sci. Hortic., 126(1), 37–41.
Miletić, R., Rakićević, M., Pesaković, M. (2009). Pomological and technological properties of fruits of ‘Oblacinska’ sour cherry during harvesting period.
Acta Hortic., 825, 521–526.
Ou, B., Bosak, K.N., Bricker, P.R., Iezzoni, D.G., Seymour, E.M. (2012). Processed tart cherry products – comparative phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant
capacity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. J. Food Sci., 77(5), H105–H112.
Palmer, J.W., Seymour, S.M., Diack, R. (2011). Feathering of ‘Doyenné du Comice’pear in the nursery using repeat sprays of benzyladenine and gibberellins. Sci.
Hortic., 130(2), 393–397.
Pegoraro, C., Zanuzo, M.R., Chaves, F.C., Brackmann, A., Girardi, C.L., Lucchetta, L., Nora, L., Silva, J.A., Rombaldi, C.V. (2010). Physiological and molecular changes associated withprevention of woollines in peach following pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 57, 19–26.
Pio, R., Dalastra, I.M., Rampim, L., Souza, F.D., Assis, C.D., Tiberti, A.S. (2012). Spray foliar with gibberellic acid on the development of ‘japonês’ quince tree rootstock.
Rev. Agrari., 5(18), 325–329.
Qureshi, K.M., Chughtai, S.A.M.A.N., Qureshi, U.S., Abbasi, N.A. (2013). Impact of exogenous application of salt and growth regulators on growth and yield of
strawberry. Pak. J. Bot., 45(4), 1179–1185.
Ren, J., Chen, P., Dai, S.J., Li, P., Li, Q., Ji, K., Wang, Y.P., Leng, P. (2011). Role of abscisic acid and ethylene in sweet cherry fruit maturation: molecular aspects.
New Zeal. J. Crop Hort., 39(3), 161–174.
Shahin, M.F.M., Fawzi, M.I.F., Kandil, E.A. (2010). Influence of foliar application of some nutrient (Fertifol Misr) and gibberellic acid on fruit set, yield, fruit quality
and leaf composition of ‘Anna’ apple trees grown in sandy soil. J. Am. Sci., 6(12), 202–208.
Smith, E., Whiting, M. (2010). Effect of ethephon on sweet cherry pedicel-fruit retention force and quality is cultivar dependent. Plant Grow. Reg., 60(3), 213–223.
Soczek, Z., Basak, A., Mika, A., Jackiewicz, A. (1983). Ręczne otrząsanie wiśni z drzew opryskiwanych etefonem. Pr. Inst. Sad. Kw., ser. A, 24, 123–129.
Stéger-Máté, M., Ficzek, G., Kállay, E., Bujdosó, G., Barta, J., Tóth, M. (2010). Optimising harvest time of sour cherry cultivars on the basis of quality parameters. Acta
Aliment., 39(1), 59–68.
Stephan, M., Bangerth, F., Schneider, G. (1999). Quantification of endogenous gibberellins in exudates from fruits of Malus domestica. Plant Grow. Reg., 28(1), 55–58.
Usenik, V., Kastelec, D., Stampar, F. (2005). Physicochemical changes of sweet cherry fruits related to application of gibberellic acid. Food Chem., 90, 663–671.
Val, J., Blanco, A., Garcõ, I. (2001). The inhibition of fower bud differentiation in ‘Crimson Gold’ nectarine with GA3 as an alternative to hand thinning. Sci. Hortic.,
90, 265–278.
Yang, X., Brown, S.K., Davies, P.J. (2013). The content and in vivo metabolism of gibberellin in apple vegetative tissues. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 138(3), 173–183.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M.D. (2011a). Improving ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators. Sci. Hortic., 127, 341–346.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M.D. (2011b). Pre-harvest foliar application of Prohexadione-Ca and gibberellins modify canopy source-sink relations and improve quality and
shelf-life of “Bing” sweet cherry. Plant Grow. Reg., 65(1), 145–156.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M. (2013). Plant growth regulators improve sweet cherry fruit quality without reducing endocarp growth. Sci. Hortic., 150, 73–79.
Zhao, H., Dong, J., Wang, T. (2010). Function and expression analysis of gibberellin oxidases in apple. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 28(2), 231–238.
Zilkah, S., David, I., Rotbaum, A., Faingersh, E., Lurie, S., Weksler, A. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators on extending the marketing season of sweet cherry.
Acta Hortic., 795, 699–702.
Basak, A., Rozpara, E., Grzyb, Z. (1998). Use of bioregulators to reduce sweet cherry tree growth and to improve fruit quality. Acta Hortic., 468, 719–724.
Birke, A., Pérez-Staples, D., Greany, P., Aluja, M. (2011). Interplay between foraging behaviour, adult density and fruit ripeness determines the effectiveness of gibberellic acid and host-marking pheromone in reducing susceptibility of grapefruit to infestation by the Mexican fruitfly, Anastrepha ludens. Int. J. Pest Manag.,
57, 321–328.
Buban, T. (1996). Using plant growth regulators to increase fruit set in sour cherry trees. Proc. Int. Cherry Symp., Acta Hortic., 410, 307–310.
Bukovac, M.J., Hull, J., Jr, Kesner, C.D., Larsen, R.P. (1986). Prevention of flowering and promotion of spur formation with gibberellin increases cropping efficiency
in ‘Montmorency’ sour cherry. Ann. Rep. Mich. State Hortic. Soc., 116, 122–131.
Bukovac, M.J., Yuda, E. (1991). Gibberellin increases cropping efficiency in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). In: Gibberellins, Takahashi N., Phinney B.O., MacMillan
J. (eds). Springer, New York, 350–360.
Bukovac, M.J., Yuda, E., Murofushi, N., Takahashi, N. (1979). Endogenous plant growth substances in developing fruit of Prunus cerasus L.. VII. Isolation of gibberellin
A32. Plant Phys., 63(1), 129–132.
Cardoso, J.C., Ono, E.O., Rodrigues, J.D. (2012). Gibberellic acid in vegetative and reproductive development of Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid genus. Hortic. Bras.,
30(1), 71–74.
Chang, J., Lin, T. (2006). GA3 increases fruit weight in “Yu Her Pau” litchi. Sci. Hortic., 108(4), 442–443.
Choi, C., Toivonen, P., Wiersma, P.A., Kappel, F. (2004). Effect of gibberellic acid during development of sweet cherry fruit: physiological and molecular changes. Acta
Hortic., 636, 489–495.
Clayton, M., Biasi, W.V., Agar, I.T., Southwick, S.M., Mitcham, E.J. (2006). Sensory quality of ‘Bing’ sweet cherries following preharvest treatment with hydrogen
cyanamide, calcium ammonium nitrate, or gibberellic acid. HortScience, 41, 745–748.
Cline, J.A., Trought, M. (2007). Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries. Can. J. Plant. Sci., 87, 545–550.
Csukasi, F., Osorio, S., Gutierrez, J.R., Kitamura, J., Giavalisco, P., Nakijama, M., Medina-Escobar, N. (2011). Gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling during
development of the strawberry receptacle. New Phytol., 191(2), 376–390.
Curry, E. (2012). Increase in epidermal planar cell density accompanies decreased russeting of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples treated with gibberellin A4+7. HortScience,
47(2), 232–237.
Demirsoy, L., Bilgener, S. (2000). The effect of chemical applications on cuticular and epidermal properties of some sweet cherry cultivars with respect to fruit cracking
susceptibility. Turk. J. Agric. For., 24, 541–550.
Einhorn, T.C., Wang, Y., Turner, J. (2013). Sweet cherry fruit firmness and postharvest quality of late-maturing cultivars are improved with low-rate, single applications
of gibberellic acid. HortScience, 48(8), 1010–1017.
Fotirić Akšić, M., Rakonjac, V. Nikoli, D., Zec, G. (2013). Características da biologia reprodutiva que afetam a produtividade de cereja ácida (Reproductive biology traits affecting productivity of sour cherry). Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 48(1), 33–41.
Galván, J.J., Valdez, L.A., Reyes, V.M., Martínez, A., Salazar, O. (2012). Fruit set and characteristics of the fruit of orange and its relation to exogenous and endogenous
levels of GA3. Acta Hortic., 928, 303–306.
Gonzalez-Rossia, D., Juan, M., Reig, C., Agusti, M. (2006). The inhibition of flowering by means of gibberellic acid application reduces the cost of hand thinning
in Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Sci. Hortic., 110(4), 319–323.
Hed, B., Ngugi, H.K., Travis, J.W. (2011). Use of gibberellic acid for management of bunch rot on Chardonnay and Vignoles grape. Plant Dis., 95(3), 269–278.
Jadczuk-Tobjasz, E., Bednarski, R. (2007). Wstępna ocena wzrostu i owocowania dziesięciu odmian wiśni (Preliminary evaluation of the growth and yielding of 10
sour cherry cultivars). Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sadow. Kwiac., 15, 17–27.
Kappel, F., MacDonald, R. (2007). Early gibberellic acid sprays increase firmness and fruit size of Sweetheart sweet cherry. J. Am. Pomol. Soc., 61(1), 38–43.
Khorshidi, S., Davarynejad, G. (2010). Influence of preharvest ethephon spray on fruit quality and chemical attributes of ‘Cigany’ sour cherry cultivar. J. Biol. Environ.
Sci., 4(12), 133–141.
Knoche, M., Peschel, S. (2007). Gibberellins increase cuticle deposition in developing tomato fruit. Plant Grow. Reg., 51(1), 1–10.
Knoche, M., Khanal, B.P., Stopar, M. (2011). Russeting and microcracking of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit concomitantly decline due to gibberellin A4+ 7 application.
J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 136(3), 159–164.
Kondo, S., Danjo, C. (2001). Cell wall polysaccharide metabolism during fruit development in sweet cherry ‘Satohnishiki’ as affected by gibberellic acid. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 70(2), 178–184.
Lampe, I., Hilsendegen, P. (2006). Die Inhaltsstoffe der Sauerkirsche, Projekt der Fachgruppe Obstbau. Available: www.obstbau.rlp.de [date of access: Feb 11, 2014].
Lenahan, O.M., Whiting, M.D. (2008). Gibberellic acid is a potential sweet cherry crop load management tool. Acta Hortic., 795, 513–516.
Lenahan, O.M., Whiting, M.D., Elfving, D.C. (2006). Gibberellic acid inhibits floral bud induction and improves ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality. HortScience, 41(3), 654–659.
Looney, N.E., Pharis, R.P., Noma, M. (1985). Promotion of flowering in apple trees with gibberellin A4 and C-3 epi-gibberellin A4. Planta, 165(2), 292–294.
Mesejo, C., Reig, C., Martínez-Fuentes, A., Agustí, M. (2010). Parthenocarpic fruit production in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) by using gibberellic acid.
Sci. Hortic., 126(1), 37–41.
Miletić, R., Rakićević, M., Pesaković, M. (2009). Pomological and technological properties of fruits of ‘Oblacinska’ sour cherry during harvesting period.
Acta Hortic., 825, 521–526.
Ou, B., Bosak, K.N., Bricker, P.R., Iezzoni, D.G., Seymour, E.M. (2012). Processed tart cherry products – comparative phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant
capacity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. J. Food Sci., 77(5), H105–H112.
Palmer, J.W., Seymour, S.M., Diack, R. (2011). Feathering of ‘Doyenné du Comice’pear in the nursery using repeat sprays of benzyladenine and gibberellins. Sci.
Hortic., 130(2), 393–397.
Pegoraro, C., Zanuzo, M.R., Chaves, F.C., Brackmann, A., Girardi, C.L., Lucchetta, L., Nora, L., Silva, J.A., Rombaldi, C.V. (2010). Physiological and molecular changes associated withprevention of woollines in peach following pre-harvest application of gibberellic acid. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 57, 19–26.
Pio, R., Dalastra, I.M., Rampim, L., Souza, F.D., Assis, C.D., Tiberti, A.S. (2012). Spray foliar with gibberellic acid on the development of ‘japonês’ quince tree rootstock.
Rev. Agrari., 5(18), 325–329.
Qureshi, K.M., Chughtai, S.A.M.A.N., Qureshi, U.S., Abbasi, N.A. (2013). Impact of exogenous application of salt and growth regulators on growth and yield of
strawberry. Pak. J. Bot., 45(4), 1179–1185.
Ren, J., Chen, P., Dai, S.J., Li, P., Li, Q., Ji, K., Wang, Y.P., Leng, P. (2011). Role of abscisic acid and ethylene in sweet cherry fruit maturation: molecular aspects.
New Zeal. J. Crop Hort., 39(3), 161–174.
Shahin, M.F.M., Fawzi, M.I.F., Kandil, E.A. (2010). Influence of foliar application of some nutrient (Fertifol Misr) and gibberellic acid on fruit set, yield, fruit quality
and leaf composition of ‘Anna’ apple trees grown in sandy soil. J. Am. Sci., 6(12), 202–208.
Smith, E., Whiting, M. (2010). Effect of ethephon on sweet cherry pedicel-fruit retention force and quality is cultivar dependent. Plant Grow. Reg., 60(3), 213–223.
Soczek, Z., Basak, A., Mika, A., Jackiewicz, A. (1983). Ręczne otrząsanie wiśni z drzew opryskiwanych etefonem. Pr. Inst. Sad. Kw., ser. A, 24, 123–129.
Stéger-Máté, M., Ficzek, G., Kállay, E., Bujdosó, G., Barta, J., Tóth, M. (2010). Optimising harvest time of sour cherry cultivars on the basis of quality parameters. Acta
Aliment., 39(1), 59–68.
Stephan, M., Bangerth, F., Schneider, G. (1999). Quantification of endogenous gibberellins in exudates from fruits of Malus domestica. Plant Grow. Reg., 28(1), 55–58.
Usenik, V., Kastelec, D., Stampar, F. (2005). Physicochemical changes of sweet cherry fruits related to application of gibberellic acid. Food Chem., 90, 663–671.
Val, J., Blanco, A., Garcõ, I. (2001). The inhibition of fower bud differentiation in ‘Crimson Gold’ nectarine with GA3 as an alternative to hand thinning. Sci. Hortic.,
90, 265–278.
Yang, X., Brown, S.K., Davies, P.J. (2013). The content and in vivo metabolism of gibberellin in apple vegetative tissues. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 138(3), 173–183.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M.D. (2011a). Improving ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators. Sci. Hortic., 127, 341–346.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M.D. (2011b). Pre-harvest foliar application of Prohexadione-Ca and gibberellins modify canopy source-sink relations and improve quality and
shelf-life of “Bing” sweet cherry. Plant Grow. Reg., 65(1), 145–156.
Zhang, C., Whiting, M. (2013). Plant growth regulators improve sweet cherry fruit quality without reducing endocarp growth. Sci. Hortic., 150, 73–79.
Zhao, H., Dong, J., Wang, T. (2010). Function and expression analysis of gibberellin oxidases in apple. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 28(2), 231–238.
Zilkah, S., David, I., Rotbaum, A., Faingersh, E., Lurie, S., Weksler, A. (2008). Effect of plant growth regulators on extending the marketing season of sweet cherry.
Acta Hortic., 795, 699–702.
Robert Kurlus
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Sławomir Świerczyński
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Krzysztof Rutkowski
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Henryk Ratajkiewicz
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Agnieszka Malinowska
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Aleksandra Wyrwał
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
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