NUTRACEUTICAL VALUE OF THE NEW STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS
Jadwiga Żebrowska
University of Life Sciences in LublinJacek Gawroński
University of Life Sciences in LublinElżbieta Kaczmarska
University of Life Sciences in LublinMagdalena Dyduch-Siemińska
University of Life Sciences in LublinIzabella Jackowska
University of Life Sciences in LublinMarzena Pabich
University of Life Sciences in LublinAbstract
Regarding an increasing interest of consumers towards berry fruit, as they have been proved to have potential health benefits, the nutraceutical fruit value of seven strawberry culti-vars: ‘Felina’, ‘Feltar’, ‘Hulta’, ‘Jota’, ‘Pastel’, ‘Plena’ and ‘Teresa’ selected at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Plant Genetics and Breeding Department was evaluated in this study. In fruits harvested at maturity, the level of phytochemical compounds such as sugars, vitamin C, and polyphenols including quercetin and gallic acid as well as antiradical activity was estimated. Among all genotypes tested, the cultivar ‘Jota’ showed the highest content of glucose and fruc-tose as well a high content of sucrose, therefore the total sugar content exceeded 12 g per 100 g of fresh weight (FW). Similar parameters in terms of content of total sugars and the individual fractions have cultivar ‘Pastel’. Cultivars with low sucrose content were ‘Feltar’ and ‘Teresa’, but as regards monosaccharide’s cvs. ‘Plena’ and ‘Felina’. The content of vitamin C in fruits of the cultivars tested showed significant differences. It ranged from 64.5 mg·100 g-1 FW in cv. ‘Jo-ta’ to 104.33 mg·100 g-1 FW in cv. ‘Plena’. The highest level of antiradical activity occurred in cultivars ‘Jota’, ‘Teresa’ and ‘Feltar’ (90.1%, 87.1% and 86.3% DPPH; respectively). The re-sults obtained indicated that the differentiation of the chemical composition of strawberry fruit is clearly dependent upon the genetic diversity of cultivars tested, what we argue that all of them grown under the same climatic and soil conditions using the same agricultural technology.
Keywords:
antioxidant activity, DPPH, polyphenols, fruit quality, sugars, vitamin CReferences
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Anttonen, M.J., Hoppula, K.I., Nestby, R., Verheul, M.J., Karjalainen, R.O. (2006). Influence of fertilization, mulch color, early forcing, fruit order, planting date, growing environment and genotype on the content of selected phenolics in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2614–2620.
Aubert, C., Bosc, J.P. (2014). Postharvest evolution of aromatic and nutritional quality for various strawberry cultivars in France. Acta Hort., 1049, 789–794.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity LWT. Food Sci. Tech., 28, 25–30.
Capocasa, F., Scalzo, J., Mezzetti, B., Battino, M. (2008). Combining quality and antioxidant attributes in the strawberry, the role of genotype. Food Chem., 111(4), 872–878.
Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodriguez, J.A., Caligari, P.D.S., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2007). Free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content in achnes and thalamus from Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis, F. vesca and F. × ananassa cv. Chandler. Food Chem., 102, 36–44.
Cordenunsi, B.R., Nascimento, J.R.O., Lajolo, F.M. (2003). Physico-chemical changes related to quality of five strawberry fruit cultivars during cool-storage. Food Chem., 83, 167– 173.
Crespo, P., Bordonaba, J., Terry, L., Carlen, C. (2010). Characterization of major taste and health – related compounds of four strawberry genotypes grown at different Swiss production sites. Food Chem., 122, 16–24.
Darrow, G.M. (1966). The strawberry – history, breeding and physiology. The New England Institute for Medical Research, http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/strawberry/booksevt.htm.pp.21
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Djilas, S.M., Tepić, A.N., Savatović, S.M., Śumić, Z.M., Ćanadanović-Brunet, J.M., Ćetković, G.S., Vulić, J.J. (2011). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two strawberry cultivars. Acta Period. Tech., 42, 33–44.
Floegel, A., Kim, D.O., Chung, S.J., Song, W.O., Fernandez, M.L., Bruno, R.S., Koo, S.I., Chun, O.K. (2010). Development and validation of an algorithm to establish a total antioxidant capacity database of the US diet. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 61, 600–623.
Floegel, A., Kim, D.O., Chung, S.J., Koo, S.I., Chun, O.K. (2011). Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assay to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidantrich US food. J. Food Comp. Anal., 24, 1043–1048.
Fu, L., Xu, B.T., Xu, X.R., Gan, R.Y., Zhang, Y., Xia, E.Q., Li, H.B. (2011). Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content of 62 fruits. Food Chem., 129, 345–350.
Hancock, J.F., Sjulin, T.M., Lobos, G.A. (2008). Strawberries. In: Temperate fruit crop breeding, Hancock J.F. (ed.). Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 93– 438.
Huang, W., Zhang, H., Liu, W., Li, C. (2012). Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic com-position of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci., B., 13(2), 94–102.
Khanizadeh, S., Fan, L., Fang, Ch., Charles, M.T., Shutian, T. (2014). Effect of production systems on phenolic composition of strawberry fruits. Acta Hort., 1049, 513–516.
Kim, D.O., Chun, O.K., Kim, Y.J., Moon, H.Y., Lee, C.Y. (2003). Quantification of polyphenol-ics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6509–6515.
Kim, D.O., Lee, K.W., Lee, H.J., Lee, C.Y. (2002). Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 3713–3717.
Kopytowski, J., Kawecki, Z., Bojarska, J.E., Stany, V. (2006). Ocena plonowania i jakości owoców kilku odmian truskawki uprawianej na Warmii. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sadow. Kwiac., 14, 53–60.
Koszański, Z., Rumasz-Rudnicka, E., Karczmarczyk, S., Rychter, P. (2005). Wpływ nawadniania i nawożenia mineralnego na plonowanie i cechy jakościowe dwóch odmian truskawek upra-wianych na glebie lekkiej. Inż. Roln., 3(63), 251–256.
Koszański, Z., Rumasz-Rudnicka, E., Podsiadło, C. (2006). Wpływ nawadniania kroplowego i nawożenia mineralnego na jakość owoców truskawki. J. Elementol., 11(1), 21–27.
Lal, S., Ahmed, N., Singh, S.R., Shing, D.B., Sharma, O.C., Kumar, R. (2013). Variability of health and bioactive compounds in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown under an Indian temperate ecosystem. Fruits, 68, 423–434.
Mahmood, T., Anwar, F., Abbas, M., Saari, N. (2012). Effect of maturity on phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) profile of strawberry cultivars and mulberry species from Pakistan. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 4591–4607; doi:10.3390/ijms13044591
Mateos, R., Lecumberri, H., Ramos, S., Goya, L., Brawo, L. (2005). Determination of malondial-dehyde (MDA) by high- performance liquid chromatography in serum and liver as a bi-omarker for hypercholesterolemia and evaluation of the effect of diets rich in phenolic antioxidants from fruits. J. Chromat., B., 827, 76–82.
Meyers, K.J., Watkins, C.B., Pritts, M.P., Liu, R.H. (2003). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of strawberries. J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, 6887–6892.
Mishra, P.K., Ram, R.B., Kumar, N. (2015). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa Duch.). Turk. J. Agric. For., 39, doi:10.3906/tar-1408-99
Mortazavi, S.M.H., Siruie, B., Moalemi, N., Eshghi, S. (2014). The effects of polyamines and UV-C irradiation on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Acta Hort., 1049, 749–754.
Nunes, M.C.N., Delgado, A. (2014). Quality of organic compared to conventionally grown strawberries at the retail level. Acta Hort., 1049, 723–730.
Pineli, L., Moretti, C.L., Chiarello, M.D. (2012). Quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of strawberries grown in Brazilian savannah and stored at different temperatures. J. Food Agric. Environ., 10(2), 165–171.
Pinto, M.S., Kwon, Y., Apostolidis, E., Lajolo, F.M., Genovese, M.I., Shetty, K. (2008). Functionality of bioactive compounds in Brazilian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars: Evolution of hyperglycemia and hypertension potential using in vitro models. J. Agr. Food Chem., 56, 4386–4392.
PN-EN 12630:2002 (2002). Soki owocowe i warzywne. Oznaczanie zawartości glukozy, fruktozy, sorbitolu i sacharozy. Metoda wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej. Sektor Żywno-ści Rolnictwa i Leśnictwa, Organ Techniczny – KT 38 ds. Przetworów Owocowych i Wa-rzywnych. ICS 67.160.20.
PN-EN 14130:2003 (2003). Artykuły Żywnościowe – Oznaczanie witaminy C za pomocą HPLC. Sektor Żywności Rolnictwa i Leśnictwa, Organ Techniczny – KT 235 ds. Analizy żywności. ICS 67.050.
Proteggente, A.R., Sekher-Pannala, A., Paganga, G.A., Van Burenb, L., Wagnera, E., Wisemanb, S. (2002). The antioxidant activity of regular consumed fruit and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin C composition. Free Rad. Res., 36, 217–233.
Rochalska, M., Orzeszko-Rywka, A., Czapla, K. (2011). The content of nutritive substances in strawberries according to cropping system. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Engin., 56(4), 84–86.
Scalzo, J., Politi, A., Mezzetti, B., Battino, M. (2005). Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in fruit. Nutrition, 21, 207–213.
Schöpplein, E., Krüger, E., Rechner, A., Hoberg, E. (2002). Analytical and sensory qualities of strawberry cultivars, Acta Hort., 567, 805–808.
Skupień, K. (2003). Ocena wybranych cech jakościowych świeżych i mrożonych owoców sześciu odmian truskawki. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 2(2), 115–123.
Staudt, G.S. (1989). The species of Fragaria, their taxonomy and geographical distribution. Acta Hort., 265, 23–34.
Wang, S.Y., Lewers, K. (2007). Antioxidant capacity and flavonoid contents in wild strawberries. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 132(5), 647–658.
Wang, B.G., Feng, X.Y., Li, W.S., Yang, J.J., Yang, Y., Shi, L. (2014). Effect of a Ma box combined with high carbon dioxide on preservation qualities of strawberry. Acta Hort., 1049, 743–747.
Wang, S.Y., Lin, H.S. (2000). Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry varies with cultivar and development stage. J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 140–146.
Wang, S.Y., Zheng, W. (2001). Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry. J. Agr. Food Chem., 49(10), 4977–4982.
www.fimdefelice.org/p2466.html. The NutraCeutical Revolution: Fueling a Powerful, New International Market”. Fimdefelice.org. [retrieved: 2011-06-03].
Żurawicz, E., Bielenin, A., Lisek, J., Łapanowska, B.H., Machecki, J., Treder, W. (2005). Metodyka integrowanej produkcji truskawek. Plantpress. Kraków.
Andreotti, C., Guerrero Chavez, G., Zago, M. (2014). Quality of strawberry fruit cultivated in a highland area in South Tyrol (Italy): First results. Acta Hort., 1049, 795–799.
Anttonen, M.J., Hoppula, K.I., Nestby, R., Verheul, M.J., Karjalainen, R.O. (2006). Influence of fertilization, mulch color, early forcing, fruit order, planting date, growing environment and genotype on the content of selected phenolics in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2614–2620.
Aubert, C., Bosc, J.P. (2014). Postharvest evolution of aromatic and nutritional quality for various strawberry cultivars in France. Acta Hort., 1049, 789–794.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity LWT. Food Sci. Tech., 28, 25–30.
Capocasa, F., Scalzo, J., Mezzetti, B., Battino, M. (2008). Combining quality and antioxidant attributes in the strawberry, the role of genotype. Food Chem., 111(4), 872–878.
Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodriguez, J.A., Caligari, P.D.S., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (2007). Free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content in achnes and thalamus from Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis, F. vesca and F. × ananassa cv. Chandler. Food Chem., 102, 36–44.
Cordenunsi, B.R., Nascimento, J.R.O., Lajolo, F.M. (2003). Physico-chemical changes related to quality of five strawberry fruit cultivars during cool-storage. Food Chem., 83, 167– 173.
Crespo, P., Bordonaba, J., Terry, L., Carlen, C. (2010). Characterization of major taste and health – related compounds of four strawberry genotypes grown at different Swiss production sites. Food Chem., 122, 16–24.
Darrow, G.M. (1966). The strawberry – history, breeding and physiology. The New England Institute for Medical Research, http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/strawberry/booksevt.htm.pp.21
Debnath, S.C., Ricard, E. (2009). ISSR, anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity analyses to characterize strawberry genotypes. J. App. Hort., 11(2), 83–89.
Djilas, S.M., Tepić, A.N., Savatović, S.M., Śumić, Z.M., Ćanadanović-Brunet, J.M., Ćetković, G.S., Vulić, J.J. (2011). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two strawberry cultivars. Acta Period. Tech., 42, 33–44.
Floegel, A., Kim, D.O., Chung, S.J., Song, W.O., Fernandez, M.L., Bruno, R.S., Koo, S.I., Chun, O.K. (2010). Development and validation of an algorithm to establish a total antioxidant capacity database of the US diet. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 61, 600–623.
Floegel, A., Kim, D.O., Chung, S.J., Koo, S.I., Chun, O.K. (2011). Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assay to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidantrich US food. J. Food Comp. Anal., 24, 1043–1048.
Fu, L., Xu, B.T., Xu, X.R., Gan, R.Y., Zhang, Y., Xia, E.Q., Li, H.B. (2011). Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content of 62 fruits. Food Chem., 129, 345–350.
Hancock, J.F., Sjulin, T.M., Lobos, G.A. (2008). Strawberries. In: Temperate fruit crop breeding, Hancock J.F. (ed.). Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 93– 438.
Huang, W., Zhang, H., Liu, W., Li, C. (2012). Survey of antioxidant capacity and phenolic com-position of blueberry, blackberry, and strawberry in Nanjing. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci., B., 13(2), 94–102.
Khanizadeh, S., Fan, L., Fang, Ch., Charles, M.T., Shutian, T. (2014). Effect of production systems on phenolic composition of strawberry fruits. Acta Hort., 1049, 513–516.
Kim, D.O., Chun, O.K., Kim, Y.J., Moon, H.Y., Lee, C.Y. (2003). Quantification of polyphenol-ics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6509–6515.
Kim, D.O., Lee, K.W., Lee, H.J., Lee, C.Y. (2002). Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 3713–3717.
Kopytowski, J., Kawecki, Z., Bojarska, J.E., Stany, V. (2006). Ocena plonowania i jakości owoców kilku odmian truskawki uprawianej na Warmii. Zesz. Nauk. Inst. Sadow. Kwiac., 14, 53–60.
Koszański, Z., Rumasz-Rudnicka, E., Karczmarczyk, S., Rychter, P. (2005). Wpływ nawadniania i nawożenia mineralnego na plonowanie i cechy jakościowe dwóch odmian truskawek upra-wianych na glebie lekkiej. Inż. Roln., 3(63), 251–256.
Koszański, Z., Rumasz-Rudnicka, E., Podsiadło, C. (2006). Wpływ nawadniania kroplowego i nawożenia mineralnego na jakość owoców truskawki. J. Elementol., 11(1), 21–27.
Lal, S., Ahmed, N., Singh, S.R., Shing, D.B., Sharma, O.C., Kumar, R. (2013). Variability of health and bioactive compounds in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown under an Indian temperate ecosystem. Fruits, 68, 423–434.
Mahmood, T., Anwar, F., Abbas, M., Saari, N. (2012). Effect of maturity on phenolics (phenolic acids and flavonoids) profile of strawberry cultivars and mulberry species from Pakistan. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 4591–4607; doi:10.3390/ijms13044591
Mateos, R., Lecumberri, H., Ramos, S., Goya, L., Brawo, L. (2005). Determination of malondial-dehyde (MDA) by high- performance liquid chromatography in serum and liver as a bi-omarker for hypercholesterolemia and evaluation of the effect of diets rich in phenolic antioxidants from fruits. J. Chromat., B., 827, 76–82.
Meyers, K.J., Watkins, C.B., Pritts, M.P., Liu, R.H. (2003). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of strawberries. J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, 6887–6892.
Mishra, P.K., Ram, R.B., Kumar, N. (2015). Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananasa Duch.). Turk. J. Agric. For., 39, doi:10.3906/tar-1408-99
Mortazavi, S.M.H., Siruie, B., Moalemi, N., Eshghi, S. (2014). The effects of polyamines and UV-C irradiation on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit. Acta Hort., 1049, 749–754.
Nunes, M.C.N., Delgado, A. (2014). Quality of organic compared to conventionally grown strawberries at the retail level. Acta Hort., 1049, 723–730.
Pineli, L., Moretti, C.L., Chiarello, M.D. (2012). Quality, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of strawberries grown in Brazilian savannah and stored at different temperatures. J. Food Agric. Environ., 10(2), 165–171.
Pinto, M.S., Kwon, Y., Apostolidis, E., Lajolo, F.M., Genovese, M.I., Shetty, K. (2008). Functionality of bioactive compounds in Brazilian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars: Evolution of hyperglycemia and hypertension potential using in vitro models. J. Agr. Food Chem., 56, 4386–4392.
PN-EN 12630:2002 (2002). Soki owocowe i warzywne. Oznaczanie zawartości glukozy, fruktozy, sorbitolu i sacharozy. Metoda wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej. Sektor Żywno-ści Rolnictwa i Leśnictwa, Organ Techniczny – KT 38 ds. Przetworów Owocowych i Wa-rzywnych. ICS 67.160.20.
PN-EN 14130:2003 (2003). Artykuły Żywnościowe – Oznaczanie witaminy C za pomocą HPLC. Sektor Żywności Rolnictwa i Leśnictwa, Organ Techniczny – KT 235 ds. Analizy żywności. ICS 67.050.
Proteggente, A.R., Sekher-Pannala, A., Paganga, G.A., Van Burenb, L., Wagnera, E., Wisemanb, S. (2002). The antioxidant activity of regular consumed fruit and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin C composition. Free Rad. Res., 36, 217–233.
Rochalska, M., Orzeszko-Rywka, A., Czapla, K. (2011). The content of nutritive substances in strawberries according to cropping system. J. Res. Appl. Agric. Engin., 56(4), 84–86.
Scalzo, J., Politi, A., Mezzetti, B., Battino, M. (2005). Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content in fruit. Nutrition, 21, 207–213.
Schöpplein, E., Krüger, E., Rechner, A., Hoberg, E. (2002). Analytical and sensory qualities of strawberry cultivars, Acta Hort., 567, 805–808.
Skupień, K. (2003). Ocena wybranych cech jakościowych świeżych i mrożonych owoców sześciu odmian truskawki. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 2(2), 115–123.
Staudt, G.S. (1989). The species of Fragaria, their taxonomy and geographical distribution. Acta Hort., 265, 23–34.
Wang, S.Y., Lewers, K. (2007). Antioxidant capacity and flavonoid contents in wild strawberries. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 132(5), 647–658.
Wang, B.G., Feng, X.Y., Li, W.S., Yang, J.J., Yang, Y., Shi, L. (2014). Effect of a Ma box combined with high carbon dioxide on preservation qualities of strawberry. Acta Hort., 1049, 743–747.
Wang, S.Y., Lin, H.S. (2000). Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry varies with cultivar and development stage. J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 140–146.
Wang, S.Y., Zheng, W. (2001). Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry. J. Agr. Food Chem., 49(10), 4977–4982.
www.fimdefelice.org/p2466.html. The NutraCeutical Revolution: Fueling a Powerful, New International Market”. Fimdefelice.org. [retrieved: 2011-06-03].
Żurawicz, E., Bielenin, A., Lisek, J., Łapanowska, B.H., Machecki, J., Treder, W. (2005). Metodyka integrowanej produkcji truskawek. Plantpress. Kraków.
Jadwiga Żebrowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Jacek Gawroński
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Elżbieta Kaczmarska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Magdalena Dyduch-Siemińska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Izabella Jackowska
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
Marzena Pabich
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
University of Life Sciences in Lublin
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