Sustainable game management as one of the determinants of the welfare of hunting animals
KATARZYNA TAJCHMAN
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 LublinPIOTR CZYŻOWSKI
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 LublinLESZEK DROZD
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 LublinMIROSŁAW KARPIŃSKI
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 LublinJUSTYNA WOJTAŚ
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 LublinAbstract
There are groups of species among game animals demonstrating varied life strategies, demographic conditions and protective status. Therefore, a specific approach to managing the particular populations is needed. Game animals are more dependent on the natural environment because they are inseparable from it and any change in their natural habitat immediately affects the populations they create. The purpose of breeding wild animals in their natural habitat is primarily to preserve populations of different species in their natural biotopes, in the optimum biocenotic densities, species structure, as well as age and sex of the population. The work has attempted to point out elements in the hunting management that maintain welfare of the game animals. The described biochemical and physiological indicators of the organism, which reflect the internal equilibrium in an organism are influenced by various external environmental factors. In addition, attention was paid to other parameters describing the animal condition, e.g. energy reserves in the form of adipose tissue, antler weight, and population density and structure.
Keywords:
hunting management, game animals, density, stressReferences
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Sems M.G., Lochmiller R.L., Qualls Jr. C.W., Leslie Jr. D.M., 1993. Clinical Blood Profiles of Stressed White-tailed Deer: Drop-net versus Harvest. Proceedings of the annual conference Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. 47,198–210.
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Ustawa z dnia 13 października 1995 r. Prawo łowieckie [The Act of October 13, 1995. Hunting law]. Dz.U. 1995 nr 147 poz. 713 (2015 poz. 2168).
Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. o ochronie zwierząt [The Act of August 21, 1997 on the protection of animals]. Dz.U. 1997 nr 111 poz. 724.
Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody [The Act of April 16, 2004 on nature conservation]. Dz.U. 2004 nr 92 poz. 880.
Topal A., Gul N.Y., Yanik K., 2010. Effect of Capture Method on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Turkey. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9, 1227–1231.
Weber M.L., Thompson J.M., 1998. Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer (Dama dama). Can. J. Zool. 76, 1141–1152.
Vengušt G., Bidovec A., 2002. Some serum chemistry values of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) in Slovenian hunting enclosures. Vet. Arhiv. 72, 205–212.
Zannese A., Morellet N., Targhetta Ch., Coulon A., Fuser S., Hewison A.J. M., Ramanzin M., 2006. Spatial structure of roe deer populations: towards defining management units at a landscape scale. J. Appl. Ecol. 43, 1087–1097.
Alonso J., Bahamonde A., Villa A., Castañón A.G., 2007. Morphological assessment of beef cattle according to carcass value. Liv. Sci. 107(2–3), 265–273.
Antognini J.F., Eisele P.H., Gronert G.A., 1996. Evaluation for Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility in Black-tailed Deer. J. Wildl. Dis. 32(4), 678–681.
Arnemo J.M., Negard T., Søli N.E., 1994. Chemical capture of free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) with medetomidine ketamine. Rangifer 14(3), 123–127.
Boes K.M., 2010. Hematology of Cervids. In: Weiss D.J., Wardrop K.J. (eds), Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa, USA, 918–926.
Broom D.M., 1988. The scientific assessment of animal welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 20, 5–19.
Broom D.M., 1991. Animal welfare: concepts and measurement. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 4167–4175.
Bubenik G.A., Brown R.D., Schams D., Bartos L., 1999. The effect of ACTH on the GnRH-induced release of LH and testosterone in male white-tailed deer. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C 122, 173–179.
Chapman D., Chapman N., 1975. Fallow deer: Their History, Distribution and Biology. Terence Dalton Limited, Lavenham, Great Britain, 1–271.
Czyżowski P., Karpiński M., Drozd L., Goleman M., Sykut M., 2013. The use of body mass analysis and creatinine level in assessing the condition of individual farm fallow deer. Med. Vet. 69 (5), 294–297.
Dawkins M.S., 2006. A user’s guide to animals welfare science. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21(2), 77–82.
Del Giudice G.D., Krausman P.R., Bellantoni E.S., Wallace M.C., Etchberger R.C., Seal U.S., 1990. Blood and urinary profiles of free-ranging desert mule deer in Arizona. J. Wildl. Dis. 26(1), 83–89.
Del Guidice G.D., Mech L. D., Kunkel K.E., Gese E.M., Seal U.S., 1992. Seasonal patterns of weight, hematology, and serum characteristics of free-ranging female white-tailed deer in Min-nesota. Can. J. Zool. 70, 974–983.
Drozd L., Karpiński M., Czyżowski P., 2006. Biometric indicators of deer obtained in the macrore-gions of eastern Poland. Annales UMCS, sec. EE, Zootechnica 24(N59), 423–428.
Eiben B., Fischer K., 1984. Untersuchung verschiedener Blutparameter beim Damhirsch (Dama dama L.) im Jahresgang. Z. Jagdwiss. 30, 235–242.
FAWC, 2014. Five Freedoms. Farm Animal Welfare Council, http://www.fawc.org.uk /freedoms.htm [access 25.11.2014].
Fruziński B., Kałuziński J., Baksalary J., 1982. Weight and body measurement of forest and field roe-deer. Acta Theriol. 27, 479–488.
Goettel M., 2013. The legal situation of the animal in civil law. Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa, pp. 437.
Gorczyca S., Mikoś J., 2015. Urgent needs regarding the amendment of the Hunting Law. In: Gorczyca S. (eds), Hunting in Poland in the 21st century – realities and expectations, 2, 249–254.
Hewson C.J., 2003. What is animal welfare? Common definitions and their practical consequences. Can. Vet. J. 44(6), 496–499.
Huber S., Palme R., Arnold W., 2003. Effects of season, sex, and sample collection on concentra-tions of fecal cortisol metabolites in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 130, 48–54.
Janicki Z., Konjević D., Pintur K., Severin K., Slavica A., Mašek T., 2006. Non-invasive monitoring of cortisol metabolites level in farmed brown hare (Lepus europaeus). Vet. Arhiv. 76, 251–257.
Janiszewski P., Dmuchowski B., Gugołek A., Żełobowski R., 2008. Body weight characteristics of farm-raised fallow deer (Dama dama L.) over the winter period. J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 9, 337–342.
Janiszewski P., Bogdaszewski M., Murawska D., Tajchman K., 2016. Welfare of farmed deer – practical aspects. Pol. J. Natur. Sc. 31(3), 345–361.
Kamieniarz R., Panek M., 2008. Zwierzęta łowne w polsce na przełomie XX I XXI wieku [Game animals in Poland at the turn of the 20th and 21st century]. OHZ PZŁ, Czempiń, pp. 132.
Karpiński M., Czyżowski P., 2006. Pomiary biometryczne i wskaźniki wzrostu dzików pozyskanych w środkowo-wschodniej Polsce [Biometric measurements and growth rates of wild boars obtained in central-eastern Poland]. Annales UMCS, sec. EE, Zootechnica 24(22),
155–160.
Kołacz R., Bodak E., 1999. Animal welfare and criteria for its evaluation. Med. Weter. 55(3), 147–154.
Krupka J. (ed.), 1989. Łowiectwo [Hunting]. PWRiL, Warszawa.
Marco I., Lavín S., 1999. Effect of the method of capture on the haematology and blood chemistry of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Res. Vet. Sci. 66, 81–84.
Mattiello S., 2009. Welfare issues of modern deer farming. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 8(1), 205–217.
Montané J., Marco I., López-Olvera J., Perpiñán D., Manteca X., Lavin S., 2003. Effects of acepromazine on capture stress in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). J. Wildl. Dis. 39(2), 375–386.
Parker K.L., Gillingham M.P., Hanley T.A., Robbins Ch.T., 1993. Seasonal patterns in body mass, body composition, and water transfer rates of free-ranging and captive black-tailed deer (Odo-coileus hemionus sitkensis) in Alaska. Can. J. Zool. 71(7), 1397–1404.
Pereira R.J.G., Barbanti Duarte J.M., Negrão J.A., 2005. Seasonal changes in fecal testosterone concentrations and their relationship to the reproductive behavior, antler cycle and grouping pat-terns in free-ranging male Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus). Theriogenology 63, 2113–2125.
Poljičak-Milas N., Slavica A., Janicki Z., Robić M., Belić M., Milinković-Tur S., 2004. Serum biochemical values in fallow deer (Dama dama L.) from different habitats in Croatia. Eur. J. Wildl Res. 50, 7–12.
Regional Directorate of State Forests in Lublin, 2017. Unpublished data.
Salako A.E., 2006. Application of Morphological Indices on the Assessment of Type and Function in Sheep. Int. J. Morphol. 24(1), 13–18.
Sems M.G., Lochmiller R.L., Qualls Jr. C.W., Leslie Jr. D.M., 1993. Clinical Blood Profiles of Stressed White-tailed Deer: Drop-net versus Harvest. Proceedings of the annual conference Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. 47,198–210.
Seal U.S., Verme L.J., Ozoga J.J., Plotka E.D., 1982. Metabolic and endocrine responses of white-tailed deer to increasing population density. J. Wildl. Manag. 47, 451–62.
Sheriff M.J., Dantzer B., Delehanty B., Palme R., Boonstra R., 2011. Measuring stress in wildlife: techniques for quantifying glucocorticoids. Oecologia 166, 869–887.
Szukiel E., 1994. Różnice w hodowli zwierzat gospodarskich i zwierzat dzikich na wolności [Differences in the breeding of livestock and wild animals in the wild]. Sylwan 138(3), 71–76.
Szczepański W., Janiszewski P., Kolasa S., 2006. Badania zoometryczne tusz cieląt jelenia szlachetnego (Cervus elaphus L.) z Rejonu Hodowlanego „Lasy Taborskie” [Zoometic studies on deer calves (Cervus elaphus L.) from the breeding area “Taborskie Forest”]. Sylwan (150)5, 16–23.
Tajchman K., 2017. Kraniometria – przestarzała metoda badań? [Craniometry – an outdated method of research?]. Brać Łow. 6, 50–52.
Ustawa z dnia 13 października 1995 r. Prawo łowieckie [The Act of October 13, 1995. Hunting law]. Dz.U. 1995 nr 147 poz. 713 (2015 poz. 2168).
Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997 r. o ochronie zwierząt [The Act of August 21, 1997 on the protection of animals]. Dz.U. 1997 nr 111 poz. 724.
Ustawa z dnia 16 kwietnia 2004 r. o ochronie przyrody [The Act of April 16, 2004 on nature conservation]. Dz.U. 2004 nr 92 poz. 880.
Topal A., Gul N.Y., Yanik K., 2010. Effect of Capture Method on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Values of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Turkey. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9, 1227–1231.
Weber M.L., Thompson J.M., 1998. Seasonal patterns in food intake, live mass, and body composition of mature female fallow deer (Dama dama). Can. J. Zool. 76, 1141–1152.
Vengušt G., Bidovec A., 2002. Some serum chemistry values of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) in Slovenian hunting enclosures. Vet. Arhiv. 72, 205–212.
Zannese A., Morellet N., Targhetta Ch., Coulon A., Fuser S., Hewison A.J. M., Ramanzin M., 2006. Spatial structure of roe deer populations: towards defining management units at a landscape scale. J. Appl. Ecol. 43, 1087–1097.
KATARZYNA TAJCHMAN
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
PIOTR CZYŻOWSKI
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
LESZEK DROZD
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
MIROSŁAW KARPIŃSKI
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
JUSTYNA WOJTAŚ
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka str. 13, 20-950 Lublin
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