Plant development and chemical composition of essential oil of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) cultivated under temperate climate
GRAŻYNA ZAWIŚLAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 LublinRENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 LublinAbstract
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) is a morphologically and chemically diverse species. The presented research was concerned with the growth dynamics and chemical composition of essential oil of yarrow in the first year of vegetation. The yarrow seedlings were planted in mid-May, and the herb was harvested in the flowering phase in early August. The content of essential oil in the dried (35°C) raw material and its chemical composition (GC-MS/MS) was determined. Yarrow plants grown in temperate climate in the first year of vegetation are characterized by quite intense growth, they produce inflorescence shoots but do not reach a significant size. In the studied essential oil the fraction of monoterpenic hydrocarbons was 30.14% and the fraction of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons – 24.34%. The oil was dominated by β-pinene (19.32%) and chamazulene (14.41%).
Keywords:
aromatic medicinal plants, cultivation, yarrow raw material, essential oil, chamazuleneReferences
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Rohloff J., Skagen E.B., Steen A.H., Iversen T.-H., 2000. Production of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in Norway: Essential oil content and quality. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 6205–6209.
Sedighi M., Nasri H., Rafieian-Kopaei M., Mortazaei S., 2013. Reversal effect of Achillea millefolium extract on ileum contractions. J. Herbmed. Pharmacol. 2 (1), 5–8.
Souza T. M., Rangel V.L.B.I., Pietro R.C.L.Rr., Santos L.E., Moreira R.R.D., 2006. Phytochemical screening of Achillea millefolium harvested at Araraquara – SP. Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Botucatu 8, 151–154.
Van Den Dool H., Kratz P.D., 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromat. 11, 463–471.
Vitalini S., Beretta G., Iriti M., Orsenigo S., Basilico N., Dall’Acqua S., Iorizzi M., Fico G., 2011. Phenolic compounds from Achillea millefolium L. and their bioactivity. Acta Biochim. Pol. 58 (2), 203–207.
Afsharypuor S., Asgary S. 1996. Volatile constituents of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium from Iran. Flav. Fragr. J. 11, 265–267.
Bączek K., Kosakowska O., Przybył J., Kuczerenko A., Pióro-Jabrucka E., Węglarz Z., 2013.
Zróżnicowanie chemiczne dziko rosnących populacji krwawnika pospolitego (Achillea millefolium L.). J. Agronom. 15, 89–94.
Borrelli F., Romano B., Fasolino I., Tagliatatela-Scafati O., Aprea G., Capasso R., Coppola-Bottazzi E., Izzo A.A., 2012. Prokinetic effect of a standardized yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extract and its constituent choline: studies in the mouse and human stomach. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24, 164–171.
Candan F., Unlu M., Tepe B., Daferera D., Polissiou M., Sökmen A., Akpulat H.A., 2003. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium susp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). J. Etnopharmacol. 87, 215–220.
Capuzzo A., Occhipinti A., Maffei M.E., 2014. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of chamazulene. Nat. Prod. Res. 28 (24), 2321–2323.
Chatzopoulou P., Katsiotis S.T., Svendsen A.B. 1992. An ascaridole containing essential oil of the Achillea millefolium L. complex growing wild in northern Greece. J. Essent. Oil Res. 4, 457–459.
Costescu C.I., Rădoi B.P., Hădărugă N.G., Gruia A.T., Rivis A., Pârvu D., David I., Hădărugă D.I., 2014. Obtaining and characterization of Achillea millefolium L. extracts. J. Agroaliment. Process. Technol. 20 (2), 142–149.
Dembitsky V., Shkrob I., Hanus L.O., 2008. Ascaridole and related peroxides from the genus Chenopodium. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 152 (2), 209–215.
Farmakopea Polska VII, 2006. Urząd Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych, Warszawa.
Farmakopea Polska X, 2014. Urząd Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych, Warszawa.
Figueiredo A.C., Barroso J.G., Pais M.S.S., Scheffer J.J.C., 1992. Composition of the essential oils from leaves and flowers of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium. Flav. Fragr. J. 7 (4), 219–222.
Giorgi A., Manzo A., Vagge I., Panseri S., 2013. Effect of light environment on growth and phenylpropanoids of yarrow (Achillea collina cv. SPAK) grown in the Alps. Photochem. Photobiol. 20, DOI: 10.1111/php.12150.
Habán M., Otepka P., 2007. Organically cultivated medicinal plants and their quality analysis. Proc. Conf. „Organic farming 2007”, 6.–7.02.2007, 143–145.
Hemmati A.A., Arzi A., Adinehvand A., Mostofi N.E., Mozaffari A.R., Jalali A., 2011. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract impairs the fibrogenic effect of bleomycin in rat lung. J. Med. Plant. Res. 5 (10), 1843–1849.
Lakshmi T., Goetha R.V., Roy A., Kumar A., 2011. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium Linn.) a herbal medicinal plant with broad therapeutic use – A review. Internat. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 9 (2), 136–141.
Mazandarani M., Mirdeilami S.Z., Pessarakli M., 2013. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Achillea millefolium L. from different regions in North east of Iran. J. Med. Plants Res. 7 (16), 1063–1069.
Mockutė D., Judžentienė A., 2002. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium (yarrow) growing wild in Vilnus. Chemija 13 (2), 97–102.
Nadim M.M., Malik A.A., Ahmad J., Bakshi S.K., 2011. The essential oil composition of Achillea millefolium L. cultivated under tropical condition in India. World J. Agric. Sci. 7 (5), 561–565.
Orav A., Arak E., Raal A., 2006. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European countries. Nat. Prod. Res. 20 (12), 1082–1088.
Pitura K., Błażewicz-Woźniak M., Jarosz Z., Konopińska J., 2014. Cechy wzrostu i kwitnienia krwawnika pospolitego (Achillea millefolium L.) na Pojezierzu Łęczyńsko-Włodawskim w zależności od siedliska. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, Horticultura 24 (4), 31–41.
Popovici M., Mircea T., Ilioara O., Coldea G., 2006. Infraspecific chemical taxa of Achillea distans W. et K. Proc. 4th Conf. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of South-East European Countries, 28–31.05.2006, Iiaşi, România, 71.
Rohloff J., Skagen E.B., Steen A.H., Iversen T.-H., 2000. Production of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in Norway: Essential oil content and quality. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 6205–6209.
Sedighi M., Nasri H., Rafieian-Kopaei M., Mortazaei S., 2013. Reversal effect of Achillea millefolium extract on ileum contractions. J. Herbmed. Pharmacol. 2 (1), 5–8.
Souza T. M., Rangel V.L.B.I., Pietro R.C.L.Rr., Santos L.E., Moreira R.R.D., 2006. Phytochemical screening of Achillea millefolium harvested at Araraquara – SP. Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Botucatu 8, 151–154.
Van Den Dool H., Kratz P.D., 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. J. Chromat. 11, 463–471.
Vitalini S., Beretta G., Iriti M., Orsenigo S., Basilico N., Dall’Acqua S., Iorizzi M., Fico G., 2011. Phenolic compounds from Achillea millefolium L. and their bioactivity. Acta Biochim. Pol. 58 (2), 203–207.
GRAŻYNA ZAWIŚLAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
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