LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON THE PINE PROCESSIONARY MOTH, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Memis Kesdek
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman UniversitySaban Kordali
Atatürk UniversityKerziban Coban
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman UniversityAyse Usanmaz
Iğdır UniversitySezai Ercisli
Atatürk UniversityAbstract
The pine processionary moth, Taumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller) is one of the most widespread defoliator insects found in the forest areas of Turkey.
Although different methods have been used to control this major forest pest up to now, the problem is still going on largely unsolved in the forest areas of Turkey. The objective
of this study was to determine larvicidal effects of extracts obtained from six different plant species, Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch, Nepeta meyeri Benth., Satureja hortensis
L., Origanum onites L., O. rotundifolium Boiss., Tanacetum argyrophyllum (C. Koch) and on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae of T. pityocampa in laboratory conditions.Test the
toxicity of six plant extracts against to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae of T. pityocampa, 10 larvae of this insect with 15 gr amounts fresh needles (1 year old) of Pinus brutia were
placed to Petri dishes (9 × 1.5 cm deep). Each dose was dissolved in acetone and 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg of the plant extracts found in 1 ml solution were sprayed on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
instar larvae of T. pityocampa in the Petri dishes, corresponding to 2.08, 4.16 and 8.33 mg·l-1 air concentrations. Petri dishes were covered with a lid. All tests carried out at
26ºC (±2), 60% (±5) relative humidity and 14/10 h light/dark photoperiod in laboratory conditions. When exposure, mortality of the larvae was after the determined at 24, 48 and
96 h. Petri dish applied with sterile water and acetone were used as control group. All the tests were made in triplicate. The results showed that six plant exracts have a larvicidal effect
on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae of T. pityocampa in comparison with controls. Therefore, these naturally occurring plant extracts could be useful for managing the larvae
populations of T. pityocampa.
Keywords:
plant extracts, Taumetopoea pityocampa, larvicidal effect, pine, mortality percentageReferences
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Turkey. J. Turkish Entomol., 24, 167–178.
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pine processionary moth symposium. Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 96, 28–36.
Babur H., 2002. The effect of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) damage in Calabrian pine seedlings in Turkey. In: Proceedings of the pine processionary moth symposium, Kanat M.
(ed.). Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 96, 37–43.
Baser B., Demirci N., Tabanca T., Özek N., Gören N., 2001. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L., T. chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.)
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Carus S., 2004. Impact of defolation by pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 32, 459–469.
Cebeci H.H., Öymen R.T., Acar S., 2010a. Control of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa with Bacillus thuringiensis in Antalya, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 31, 357–361.
Cebeci H.H., Öymen R.T., Acar S., 2010b. Field treatments of Foray 76 B and VBC 60074 against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) in Fethiye-Turkey. African J. Agricult.
Res., 5(4), 294–297.
Cakır A., Kordali S., Zengin H., Izumi S., Hirata T., 2004. Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils isolated from Hypericum hyssopifolium and Hypericum heterophyllum. Flav.
Fragr. J., 19, 62–68.
Cetin H., Erler F., Yanıkoğlu A., 2006. Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentium L. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni
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Demolin G., 1969. Comportement des adultes de Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. Dispersion spatiale, importance économique. Ann. Sci. Forest., 26, 81–102.
Dirmenci T., Yıldız B., Tümen G., 2004. Thereatened catergories of four Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) species endemic to the East Anatolia. Turk. J. Bot., 28, 221–226.
Er M.K., Tunaz H., Gökçe A., 2007. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae in laboratory conditions. J. Pest
Sci., 80, 235–239.
Esen D., Yildiz O., Sarginci M., Işık K., 2007. Effects of different pretreatments on germination of Prunus serotina seed sources. J. Environ. Biol., 28, 99–104.
Guner A., Özhatay N., Ekim T., Baser K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 11 (suppl. II). Edinburgh, University Press, UK.
Heydarzade A., Gholamhossein M., 2012. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. J. Turkish Entom., 36(4), 507–518.
Ho S.H., Cheng L.P., Sim K.Y., Tan H.T., 1994. Potential of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and Perry) as a grain protectant against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus
zeamais Motsch. Postharv. Biol. Technol., 4, 179–183.
Hodar J.A., Zamora R., Castro J., Baraza E., 2002. The effect of an outbreak of pine processionary caterpillar in the autochthonous woodlands of Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): suggestions for
the plague control. In: Forest research: A challenge for an Integrated European Approach, Radoglou K. (ed.). NAGREF – Forest Research Institute. Vol. I. Thessaloniki, Greece, 327–332.
Hovas S., 1929. Observations on Pinus brutia in Istanbul Islands. Orman ve Av, 24, 4 (in Turkish).
Huang Y., Hee S., Ho S., 1998. Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of a-pinene on the stored-product insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Int. Pest
Control., 40(1),18– 20.
Isman M.B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot., 19, 603–608.
Jbilou R., Ennabili A., Sayah F., 2006. Insecticidal activity of four medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). African J. Biotechnol.,
5(10), 936–940.
Kanat M., Sivrikaya F., 2004. The effects of chemical control against pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) on diameter increment in Pinus brutia (Ten.) trees in Kahramanmaras region. KSU, J. Sci. Eng., 7, 60–64.
Kanat M., Alma M.H., Sivrikaya F., 2005. Effect of defoliation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) on annual diameter increment of Pinus
brutia Ten. in Turkey. Ann. For. Sci., 62, 91–94.
Kanat M., Mol T., 2008. The effect of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) feeding on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:
Thaumetopoeidae) in laboratory. J. Turkish Zool. 32, 367–372.
Kaya A., Demirci B., Baser K.H.C., 2007. Micromorphology of glandular trichomes of Nepeta congesta Fisch and Mey. var. congesta (Lamiaceae) and chemical analysis of the essential oils.
South African J., Bot. 73, 29, 34.
Khani A., Asghari J., 2012. Insecticide activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Achillea wilhelmsii against two stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium
castaneum, and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. J. Insect Sci., 12, 1–10.
Klocke J.A., 1989. Plant compounds as source and models of insectcontrol agents. In: Economic and medicinal plant research, Hostettmann K. (ed). Academic, London, 103–144.
Kordali S., Çakır A., Mavi A., Kılıç H., Yıldırım A., 2005. Screening of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from three Turkish Artemisia species.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 1408–1416.
Kordali S., Kesdek M., Çakır A., 2007. Toxicity of monoterpenes against larvae and adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Colorado Beetle. Industr. Crops Prod., 26(3), 278–297.
Kordali S., Yıldırım E., Yazıcı G., Emsen B., Kabaağaç G., Ercişli S., 2012. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of nine plant species from Asteraceae and Clusiaceae against Sitophilus
granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Egyptian J. Biol. Pest Contr., 22(1), 11–14.
Kumar P., Mıshra S., Malık A., Satya S., 2012. Insecticidal evaluation of essential oils of Citrus sinensis L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) against housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
Parasitol. Res. 110, 1929–1936.
Maedeh M., Izadi H., Dashti H., Azizi M., Ranjbar K.R., 2011. Bioactivity of essential oil from Satureja hortensis (Laminaceae) against three stored-product insect species. African J. Biotechnol.,
10(34), 6620–6627.
Misra G., Pavlostathis S.G., 1997. Biodegradation kinetics of monoterpenes in liquid and soilslurry systems. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 47, 572–577.
Oflaz S., Kürkçüoğlu M., Başer K.H.C., 2004. Origanum onites ve Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum üzerinde farmakognozik araştırmalar. 14. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı,
Bildiriler, 29–31 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir, 2–8.
Özcankaya İ.M., Can P., 2004. Research on improvement of possibilities of mechanical and biological control of pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. and Schi
ff. ) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae)) in young Turkish red pine plantations in Mugla. Ege Forest. Res. Inst. Techn. Bull., 26, 77.
Özkazanc O., 1987. The harmful insects of Pinus brutia and their control. Forestry research institute. Kızılçam, 2, 105–121.
Regnault-Roger, C., 1997.The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control. Integrated Pest Manag. Rev., 2, 25–34.
Roessler Y., 1989. Control; insecticides; insecticidal bait and cover sprays. In: Fruit Flies: their biology, natural enemies and control, Robinson A.S., Hooper G. (eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam,
329–336.
Rohloff J., Mordal R., Dragland S., 2004. Chemotypical variation of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) from 40 different locations in Norway. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 1742–1748.
Roy N.K., Dureja P., 1998. New ecofriendly pesticides for integrated pest management. Pestic. World 3, 16–21.
Sahin F., Karaman İ., Güllüce M., Öğütçü H., Şengül M., Adıgüzel A., Öztürk S., Kotan R., 2003. Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Satureja hortensis L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 87, 61–65.
Topcu G., Ulubelen A., 2007. Structure elucidation of organic compounds from natural sources using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. J. Mol. Struct., 834, 57–73.
Tozlu E., Cakır A., Kordali S., Tozlu G., Özer H., Akçine T.A., 2011. Chemical compositions and insecticidal effects of essential oils isolated from Achillea gypsicola, Satureja hortensis, Origanum
acutidens and Hypericum scabrum against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes). Sci. Horticult., 130, 9–17.
Turkmen H., Oner Y.A., 2004. A human dermatitis caused by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Order: Lepidoptera) caterpillars in Istanbul, Turkey. Allergy, 59,
232–233.
Yıldırım E., Kesdek M., Aslan İ., Çalmaşur Ö., Şahin F., 2005. The effects of essential oils from eight plant species on two pests of stored product insects. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 14, 23–27.
Yıldırım E., Kordali S., Yazıcı G., 2011. Insecticidal effects of essential oils of eleven plant species from Lamiaceae on Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Roman. Biotechnol.
Lett., 16, 6702–6709.
Akkuzu E., Selmi E., 2002. The use of microbial control agents against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.). Proceedings of the pine proces sionary moth symposium, Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 96, 67–74.
Atakan A., 1991. Biology of harmful insects of forests in Turkey. Forest General Directorate Publication. Ankara.
Avcı M., 2000. Investigations on structure of egg-batches, parasitism and egg laying habits of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff) (Lep.: Thaumetopoeidae) in various regions of
Turkey. J. Turkish Entomol., 24, 167–178.
Avcı M., Oğurlu I., 2002. The importance biology and natural enemies of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. And Schiff.)) in the lakes district. Proceedings of the
pine processionary moth symposium. Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 96, 28–36.
Babur H., 2002. The effect of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) damage in Calabrian pine seedlings in Turkey. In: Proceedings of the pine processionary moth symposium, Kanat M.
(ed.). Kahramanmaras, Turkey, 96, 37–43.
Baser B., Demirci N., Tabanca T., Özek N., Gören N., 2001. Composition of the essential oils of Tanacetum armenum (DC.) Schultz Bip., T. balsamita L., T. chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.)
Schultz Bip. var. chiliophyllum and T. haradjani (Rech. fil.) Grierson and the enantiomeric distribution of camphor and carvone. Flav. Fragr. J., 16, 195–200.
Baytop T., 1999. Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey: today and in future. Istanbul University Press, 166–167.
Carus S., 2004. Impact of defolation by pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) on radial, height and volume growth of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) trees in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 32, 459–469.
Cebeci H.H., Öymen R.T., Acar S., 2010a. Control of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa with Bacillus thuringiensis in Antalya, Turkey. J. Environ. Biol., 31, 357–361.
Cebeci H.H., Öymen R.T., Acar S., 2010b. Field treatments of Foray 76 B and VBC 60074 against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) in Fethiye-Turkey. African J. Agricult.
Res., 5(4), 294–297.
Cakır A., Kordali S., Zengin H., Izumi S., Hirata T., 2004. Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils isolated from Hypericum hyssopifolium and Hypericum heterophyllum. Flav.
Fragr. J., 19, 62–68.
Cetin H., Erler F., Yanıkoğlu A., 2006. Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentium L. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni
Tarns. Folia Biol., 54, 153–157.
Davis P.H., 1982. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7. Edinburgh, University Press, UK.
Demolin G., 1969. Comportement des adultes de Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. Dispersion spatiale, importance économique. Ann. Sci. Forest., 26, 81–102.
Dirmenci T., Yıldız B., Tümen G., 2004. Thereatened catergories of four Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae) species endemic to the East Anatolia. Turk. J. Bot., 28, 221–226.
Er M.K., Tunaz H., Gökçe A., 2007. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae in laboratory conditions. J. Pest
Sci., 80, 235–239.
Esen D., Yildiz O., Sarginci M., Işık K., 2007. Effects of different pretreatments on germination of Prunus serotina seed sources. J. Environ. Biol., 28, 99–104.
Guner A., Özhatay N., Ekim T., Baser K.H.C., 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 11 (suppl. II). Edinburgh, University Press, UK.
Heydarzade A., Gholamhossein M., 2012. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) adults. J. Turkish Entom., 36(4), 507–518.
Ho S.H., Cheng L.P., Sim K.Y., Tan H.T., 1994. Potential of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and Perry) as a grain protectant against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus
zeamais Motsch. Postharv. Biol. Technol., 4, 179–183.
Hodar J.A., Zamora R., Castro J., Baraza E., 2002. The effect of an outbreak of pine processionary caterpillar in the autochthonous woodlands of Sierra Nevada (SE Spain): suggestions for
the plague control. In: Forest research: A challenge for an Integrated European Approach, Radoglou K. (ed.). NAGREF – Forest Research Institute. Vol. I. Thessaloniki, Greece, 327–332.
Hovas S., 1929. Observations on Pinus brutia in Istanbul Islands. Orman ve Av, 24, 4 (in Turkish).
Huang Y., Hee S., Ho S., 1998. Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of a-pinene on the stored-product insects, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Int. Pest
Control., 40(1),18– 20.
Isman M.B., 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Prot., 19, 603–608.
Jbilou R., Ennabili A., Sayah F., 2006. Insecticidal activity of four medicinal plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). African J. Biotechnol.,
5(10), 936–940.
Kanat M., Sivrikaya F., 2004. The effects of chemical control against pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) on diameter increment in Pinus brutia (Ten.) trees in Kahramanmaras region. KSU, J. Sci. Eng., 7, 60–64.
Kanat M., Alma M.H., Sivrikaya F., 2005. Effect of defoliation by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) on annual diameter increment of Pinus
brutia Ten. in Turkey. Ann. For. Sci., 62, 91–94.
Kanat M., Mol T., 2008. The effect of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) feeding on the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff.) (Lepidoptera:
Thaumetopoeidae) in laboratory. J. Turkish Zool. 32, 367–372.
Kaya A., Demirci B., Baser K.H.C., 2007. Micromorphology of glandular trichomes of Nepeta congesta Fisch and Mey. var. congesta (Lamiaceae) and chemical analysis of the essential oils.
South African J., Bot. 73, 29, 34.
Khani A., Asghari J., 2012. Insecticide activity of essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Pulicaria gnaphalodes and Achillea wilhelmsii against two stored product pests, the flour beetle, Tribolium
castaneum, and the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. J. Insect Sci., 12, 1–10.
Klocke J.A., 1989. Plant compounds as source and models of insectcontrol agents. In: Economic and medicinal plant research, Hostettmann K. (ed). Academic, London, 103–144.
Kordali S., Çakır A., Mavi A., Kılıç H., Yıldırım A., 2005. Screening of chemical composition and antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from three Turkish Artemisia species.
J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 1408–1416.
Kordali S., Kesdek M., Çakır A., 2007. Toxicity of monoterpenes against larvae and adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Colorado Beetle. Industr. Crops Prod., 26(3), 278–297.
Kordali S., Yıldırım E., Yazıcı G., Emsen B., Kabaağaç G., Ercişli S., 2012. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of nine plant species from Asteraceae and Clusiaceae against Sitophilus
granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Egyptian J. Biol. Pest Contr., 22(1), 11–14.
Kumar P., Mıshra S., Malık A., Satya S., 2012. Insecticidal evaluation of essential oils of Citrus sinensis L. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) against housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).
Parasitol. Res. 110, 1929–1936.
Maedeh M., Izadi H., Dashti H., Azizi M., Ranjbar K.R., 2011. Bioactivity of essential oil from Satureja hortensis (Laminaceae) against three stored-product insect species. African J. Biotechnol.,
10(34), 6620–6627.
Misra G., Pavlostathis S.G., 1997. Biodegradation kinetics of monoterpenes in liquid and soilslurry systems. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 47, 572–577.
Oflaz S., Kürkçüoğlu M., Başer K.H.C., 2004. Origanum onites ve Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum üzerinde farmakognozik araştırmalar. 14. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı,
Bildiriler, 29–31 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir, 2–8.
Özcankaya İ.M., Can P., 2004. Research on improvement of possibilities of mechanical and biological control of pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. and Schi
ff. ) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae)) in young Turkish red pine plantations in Mugla. Ege Forest. Res. Inst. Techn. Bull., 26, 77.
Özkazanc O., 1987. The harmful insects of Pinus brutia and their control. Forestry research institute. Kızılçam, 2, 105–121.
Regnault-Roger, C., 1997.The potential of botanical essential oils for insect pest control. Integrated Pest Manag. Rev., 2, 25–34.
Roessler Y., 1989. Control; insecticides; insecticidal bait and cover sprays. In: Fruit Flies: their biology, natural enemies and control, Robinson A.S., Hooper G. (eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam,
329–336.
Rohloff J., Mordal R., Dragland S., 2004. Chemotypical variation of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) from 40 different locations in Norway. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 1742–1748.
Roy N.K., Dureja P., 1998. New ecofriendly pesticides for integrated pest management. Pestic. World 3, 16–21.
Sahin F., Karaman İ., Güllüce M., Öğütçü H., Şengül M., Adıgüzel A., Öztürk S., Kotan R., 2003. Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Satureja hortensis L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 87, 61–65.
Topcu G., Ulubelen A., 2007. Structure elucidation of organic compounds from natural sources using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. J. Mol. Struct., 834, 57–73.
Tozlu E., Cakır A., Kordali S., Tozlu G., Özer H., Akçine T.A., 2011. Chemical compositions and insecticidal effects of essential oils isolated from Achillea gypsicola, Satureja hortensis, Origanum
acutidens and Hypericum scabrum against broadbean weevil (Bruchus dentipes). Sci. Horticult., 130, 9–17.
Turkmen H., Oner Y.A., 2004. A human dermatitis caused by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Order: Lepidoptera) caterpillars in Istanbul, Turkey. Allergy, 59,
232–233.
Yıldırım E., Kesdek M., Aslan İ., Çalmaşur Ö., Şahin F., 2005. The effects of essential oils from eight plant species on two pests of stored product insects. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 14, 23–27.
Yıldırım E., Kordali S., Yazıcı G., 2011. Insecticidal effects of essential oils of eleven plant species from Lamiaceae on Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Roman. Biotechnol.
Lett., 16, 6702–6709.
Memis Kesdek
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Saban Kordali
Atatürk University
Atatürk University
Kerziban Coban
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
Ayse Usanmaz
Iğdır University
Iğdır University
Sezai Ercisli
Atatürk University
Atatürk University
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