Reduced tillage and foliar nutrition by macro- and microelements and weed infestation of soybean growing in monoculture
Karol Bujak
Maria Jędruszczak
Mariusz Frant
Abstract
The effect of two factors: reduced tillage systems and foliar nutrition on the status of weeds in soybean growing in monoculture on lessive loes soil (good-rye agricultural usefulness complex) in the 1998–2003, is presented in the paper. The experiment was carried out by split-block method and replicated three times on plots 35 m2 brutto and 20 m2 netto. The tillage treatment was conventional (I) and 3 kinds of reduced one: without post harvest cultivation (II); chisel+cultivator instead of ploughing (III); direct sowing (diquat 600 g ha-1 in spring prior to seed drilling) (IV). Foliar nutrition, by 2 l ha-1 of Florosol U (N –12; P –1.745; K – 4.981; Mg – 0.12; B – 0.012; Cu – 0.015; Fe – 0.018; Mn – 0.016; Mo – 0.002; Zn – 0.01 in % of mass), was performed twice: at 3–4 true soybean leaves and just after plant flowering. The crop was cultivated under other agrotechnical measures adjusted to its need with elementary (NPK) fertilization. Weeds were controlled by soil herbicides: linuron 450 ml + metrybuzin 210 g ha-1) and in isolated cases (in the 2002) against Echinochloa crus -galli (L.) P. B. foliar was used – 150 g ha-1 of fluazyfop–P-butyl. In general, an increase of weedy status (as measured by individual number and air dry weight) was observed under reduced tillage systems; it was always statistically proved in the case of direct sowing in comparison to other systems. Under plough-less systems (III and IV) weed species rise in number, however, individuals of perennial ones proliferated after every reduced tillage systems. Echinochloa crus -galli (L.) P.B., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Polygonum lapathifolium L. lap., Chenopodium album L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould. and Equisetum arvense L. were the most abundant in each treatment. Foliar nutrition of crop did not influence the infestation of soybean canopy.
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