Selected aspects of the biological activity of flavonoids
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 LublinAbstract
Flavonoids are the major active substances with broad biological activity. They are found in many plant raw materials, mainly in the aerial parts of the plant. The main sources of flavonoids in the human diet are plant products: vegetables, fruits and herbs. The healing properties of flavonoids are most often attributed to their antioxidant activity. The paper presents selected types of biological activity of flavonoids, particularly important for phytotherapeutic applications.
Keywords:
active substances, traditional medicine, prevention of health, antioxidant activityReferences
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August P., 2004. Overview: mechanisms of hypertension: cells, hormones, and the kidney. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 1971–1973.
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Cazarolli L.H., Zanatta L., Alberton E.H., Figueiredo M.S., Folador P., Damazio R.G., Pizzolatti M.G., Silva F.R., 2008. Flavonoids: cellular and molecular mechanism of action in glucose homeostasis. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 8 (10), 1032–1038.
Chae S.-C., Lee J.-H., Park S.U., 2013. Recent studies on flavonoids and their antioxidant activities. EXCLI J. 12, 226–230.
Cushnie T.P.T., Lamb A.J., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag. 26, 343–356.
Figueroa L.A., Navarro L.B., Vera M.P., Petricevich V.L., 2014. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and cytotoxicty evaluation of Bougainvillea xbuttiana. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6 (5), 497–502
Fontana Pereira D., Cazarolli L.H., Lavado C., Mengatto V., Figueiredo M.S.R.B., Guedes A., Pizzolatti M.G., Barreto Silva F.R.B., 2011. Effects of flavonoids on a-glucosidase activity: Potential targets for glucose homeostasis. Nutrition 27, 1161–1167.
Formagio A.S.N., Volobuff C.R.F., Santiago M., Cardoso C.A.L., Vieira M.C., Pereira Z.V., 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in Psychotria leaf extracts. Antioxidants 3, 745–757.
Galleano M., Calabro V., Prince P.D., Litterio M.C., Piotrkowski B., Vazquez-Prieto M.A., 2012. Flavonoids and metabolic syndrome. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1259, 87–94.
Gohil K.J., Patel J.A., Gajjar A.K., 2010. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cureall. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 72 (5), 546–556.
Gonzalez-Paramas A.M., Santos-Buelga C., Duenas M., Gonzalez-Manzano S., 2011. Analysis of flavonoids in foods and biological samples. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 11, 1239–1255.
Granados S., Balcázar N., Guillén A., Echeverri F., 2015. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of flavonoids and extracts from Jatropha gossypifolia L. Molecules 20, 6181–6193.
Gupta V.K., Sharma S.K., 2006. Plants as natural antioxidants. Nat. Prod. Rad. 5 (94), 326–334.
Gutowicz M., 2011. Wpływ reaktywnych form tlenu na ośrodkowy układ nerwowy. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 65, 104–113.
Hossain M.A., Shah M.D., 2015. A study on the total phenols content and antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of endemic plant Merremia borneensis. Arab. J. Chem. 8, 66–71.
Jadhav R., Puchchakayala G., 2012. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity of flavonoids: boswellic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, rutin on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 4 (2), 251–256.
Khan R.A., Khan M.R., Sahreen S., Ahmed M., 2012. Assessment of flavonoids contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Launaea procumbens. Chem. Cent. J. 6, article ID 43, http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/6/1/43.
Khettaf A., Belloula N., Dridi S., 2016. Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some wild medicinal plants in southeastern Algeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 15 (13), 524–530.
Kobylińska A., Janas K.M., 2015. Prozdrowotna rola kwercetyny obecnej w diecie człowieka. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 69, 51–62.
Kohlmünzer S., 2007. Farmakognozja. Wyd. Lek. PZWL, Warszawa.
Lamer-Zarawska E., Kowal-Gierczak B., Niedworok J., 2007. Fitoterapia i leki roślinne. Wyd. Lek. PZWL, Warszawa.
Majewska M., Czeczot H., 2009. Flawonoidy w profilaktyce i terapii. Farm. Pol. 65 (5), 369–377.
Majewska M., Skrzycki M., Podsiad M., Czeczot H., 2011. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of flavonoids an in vitro study. Acta Pol. Pharm. Drug Res. 68 (4) 611–615.
Martins M.L.L., Pacheco H.P., Perini I.G., Lenz D., Andrade T.U. de, Endringer D.C., 2013. In vivo hypotensive effect and in vitro inhibitory activity of some Cyperaceae species. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 49 (4), 803–809.
Milner A., Bieńko D., Kamola R., Kraśnicka A., Marchel H., Saran O., Dulny G., Swoboda-Kopeć E., 2015. Analiza częstości występowania i ocena lekowrażliwości szczepów Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 na oddziale chirurgii CSK WUM w okresie 1.01.2012–30.09.2014 roku. Post. Nauk Med. 28, 261–268.
Mohan S., Nandhakumar L., 2014. Role of various flavonoids: Hypotheses on novel approach to treat diabetes. J. Med. Hypotheses Ideas 8, 1–6.
Nansy E., Harwoko Pramono S., Nugroho A.E., 2015. Total flavonoid content and in vivo hypotensive effect of chloroform insoluble fraction of Centella asiatica leaf extract. IFRJ 22 (5), 2119–2125.
Neuhouser M.L., 2004. Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk: Evidence from human population studies. Nutr. Canc. 50 (1), 1–7.
Nugroho A.E., Malik A., Pramono S., 2013. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antihypertension activity of purified extract of Indonesian cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.). IFRJ 20 (1), 299–305.
Olubobokun T.H., Aluko E.O., Iyare E.E., Anyaehie U.B., 2013. Dioscorea alata L. reduces body weight by reducing food intake and fasting blood glucose level. Brit. J. Med. Med. Res. 3 (4), 1871–1880.
Özçelik B., Deliorman Orhan D., Özgen S., Ergun F., 2008. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 7 (4), 1151–1157.
Piasek A., Bartoszek A., Namieśnik J., 2009. Substancje pochodzenia roślinnego przeciwdziałają-ce kardiotoksyczności towarzyszącej chemioterapii nowotworów. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 63, 142–158.
Piątkowska E., Kopeć A., Leszczyńska T., 2011. Antocyjany – charakterystyka, występowanie i oddziaływanie na organizm człowieka. Żywn. Nauka Technol. Jakość 4 (77), 24 –35.
Romagnolo D.F., Selmin O.I., 2012. Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence. J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr. 31 (3), 206–238.
Rosida, Harijono, Estiasih T., Sriwahyuni E., 2016. Hypoglycemic effect of modified water yam flour (Dioscorea alata) on diabetic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). J. Food Nutr. Res. 4 (1), 20–25.
Saikia L.R., Upadhyaya S., 2011. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content of some less known medicinal plants of Assam. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 2 (2), 383–388.
Sakthidevi G., Mohan V.R., 2013. Total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Dioscorea alata l. tuber. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 5 (5), 115–119.
Sharififar F., Dehghn-Nudeh G., Mirtajaldini M., 2009. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chem. 112, 885–888.
Siddique N.A., Mujeeb M., Najmi A.K., Akram M., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, quantitative estimation of phenols and flavonoids in different parts of Aegle marmelos. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 4 (1), 1–5.
Silva M.C. da, Paiva S.R., 2012. Antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 84 (3), 609–616.
Stefek M., 2011. Natural flavonoids as potential multifunctional agents in prevention of diabetic cataract. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 4 (2), 69–77.
Stolarzewicz I.A., Ciekom J., Fabiszewska A.U., Białecka-Florjańczyk E., 2013. Roślinne i mikrobiologiczne źródła przeciwutleniaczy. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 67, 1359–1373.
Sulaiman M., Tijani H.I., Abubakar B.M., Haruna S., Hindatu Y., Mohammed J.N., Idris A., 2013. An overview of natural plant antioxidants: analysis and evaluation. Adv. Biochem. 1 (4),
64–72.
Sultana B., Anwar F., 2008. Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chem. 108, 879–884.
Taleb-Contini S.H., Salvador M.J., Watanabe E., Ito I.Y., Rodrigues de Oliveira D.C., 2003. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids and steroids isolated from two Chromolaena species. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 39 (4), 403–408.
Xie Y., Yang W., Tang F., Chen X., Ren L., 2015. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Curr. Med. Chem. 22, 132–149.
Afshar F.H., Delazar A., Nazemiyeh H., Esnaashari S., Moghadam S.B., 2012. Comparison of the total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Artemisia spicigera and A. splendens growing in Iran. Pharm. Sci. 18 (3), 165–170.
Agati G., Azzarello E., Pollastri S., Tattini M., 2012. Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: Location and functional significance. Plant Sci. 196, 67–76.
Agrawal A.D., 2011. Pharmacological activities of flavonoids: A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Nanotech. 4 (2), 1394–1398.
Alam M.A., Subhan N., Rahman M.M., Uddin S.J., Reza H.M., Sarker S.D., 2014. Effect of citrus flavonoids, naringin and naringenin, on metabolic syndrome and their mechanisms of action. Adv. Nutr. 5, 404–417.
Alvarez Perez Gil A.L., Barbosa Navarro L., Patipo Vera M., Petricevich V.L., 2012. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanolic extract of Bougainvillea xbuttiana. J. Ethnopharmacol. 144, 712–719.
Amić D., Davidović-Amić D., Bešlo D., Rastija V., Lučić B., Trinajstić N., 2007. SAR and QSAR of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Curr. Med. Chem. 14, 827–845.
August P., 2004. Overview: mechanisms of hypertension: cells, hormones, and the kidney. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 1971–1973.
Baba S.A., Malik S.A., 2015. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobialand antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 9, 449–454.
Bhatt I.D., Rawat S., Rawal R.S., 2013. Antioxidants in medicinal plants. W: S. Chandra, H. Lata, A. Varma (red.), Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants. Micropropagation and Improvement, Springer-Verlag, Berlin–Heidelberg, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-29974-2_13.
Bołonkowska O., Pietrosiuk A., Sykłowska-Baranek K., 2011. Roślinne związki barwne ich wła-ściwości biologiczne oraz możliwości wytwarzania w kulturach in vitro. Biul. Wydz. Farm. WUM 1, 1–27.
Branković S., Kitić D., Radenković M., Veljković S., Kosić M., Miladinović B., Pavlović D., 2010. Hypotensive and cardioinhibitory effects of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of celery (Apium graveolens, Apiaceae). Acta Med. Median. 49 (1), 13–16.
Cazarolli L.H., Zanatta L., Alberton E.H., Figueiredo M.S., Folador P., Damazio R.G., Pizzolatti M.G., Silva F.R., 2008. Flavonoids: cellular and molecular mechanism of action in glucose homeostasis. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 8 (10), 1032–1038.
Chae S.-C., Lee J.-H., Park S.U., 2013. Recent studies on flavonoids and their antioxidant activities. EXCLI J. 12, 226–230.
Cushnie T.P.T., Lamb A.J., 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag. 26, 343–356.
Figueroa L.A., Navarro L.B., Vera M.P., Petricevich V.L., 2014. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and cytotoxicty evaluation of Bougainvillea xbuttiana. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 6 (5), 497–502
Fontana Pereira D., Cazarolli L.H., Lavado C., Mengatto V., Figueiredo M.S.R.B., Guedes A., Pizzolatti M.G., Barreto Silva F.R.B., 2011. Effects of flavonoids on a-glucosidase activity: Potential targets for glucose homeostasis. Nutrition 27, 1161–1167.
Formagio A.S.N., Volobuff C.R.F., Santiago M., Cardoso C.A.L., Vieira M.C., Pereira Z.V., 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in Psychotria leaf extracts. Antioxidants 3, 745–757.
Galleano M., Calabro V., Prince P.D., Litterio M.C., Piotrkowski B., Vazquez-Prieto M.A., 2012. Flavonoids and metabolic syndrome. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1259, 87–94.
Gohil K.J., Patel J.A., Gajjar A.K., 2010. Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cureall. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 72 (5), 546–556.
Gonzalez-Paramas A.M., Santos-Buelga C., Duenas M., Gonzalez-Manzano S., 2011. Analysis of flavonoids in foods and biological samples. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 11, 1239–1255.
Granados S., Balcázar N., Guillén A., Echeverri F., 2015. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of flavonoids and extracts from Jatropha gossypifolia L. Molecules 20, 6181–6193.
Gupta V.K., Sharma S.K., 2006. Plants as natural antioxidants. Nat. Prod. Rad. 5 (94), 326–334.
Gutowicz M., 2011. Wpływ reaktywnych form tlenu na ośrodkowy układ nerwowy. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 65, 104–113.
Hossain M.A., Shah M.D., 2015. A study on the total phenols content and antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of endemic plant Merremia borneensis. Arab. J. Chem. 8, 66–71.
Jadhav R., Puchchakayala G., 2012. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity of flavonoids: boswellic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, rutin on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 4 (2), 251–256.
Khan R.A., Khan M.R., Sahreen S., Ahmed M., 2012. Assessment of flavonoids contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Launaea procumbens. Chem. Cent. J. 6, article ID 43, http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/6/1/43.
Khettaf A., Belloula N., Dridi S., 2016. Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some wild medicinal plants in southeastern Algeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 15 (13), 524–530.
Kobylińska A., Janas K.M., 2015. Prozdrowotna rola kwercetyny obecnej w diecie człowieka. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 69, 51–62.
Kohlmünzer S., 2007. Farmakognozja. Wyd. Lek. PZWL, Warszawa.
Lamer-Zarawska E., Kowal-Gierczak B., Niedworok J., 2007. Fitoterapia i leki roślinne. Wyd. Lek. PZWL, Warszawa.
Majewska M., Czeczot H., 2009. Flawonoidy w profilaktyce i terapii. Farm. Pol. 65 (5), 369–377.
Majewska M., Skrzycki M., Podsiad M., Czeczot H., 2011. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of flavonoids an in vitro study. Acta Pol. Pharm. Drug Res. 68 (4) 611–615.
Martins M.L.L., Pacheco H.P., Perini I.G., Lenz D., Andrade T.U. de, Endringer D.C., 2013. In vivo hypotensive effect and in vitro inhibitory activity of some Cyperaceae species. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 49 (4), 803–809.
Milner A., Bieńko D., Kamola R., Kraśnicka A., Marchel H., Saran O., Dulny G., Swoboda-Kopeć E., 2015. Analiza częstości występowania i ocena lekowrażliwości szczepów Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 na oddziale chirurgii CSK WUM w okresie 1.01.2012–30.09.2014 roku. Post. Nauk Med. 28, 261–268.
Mohan S., Nandhakumar L., 2014. Role of various flavonoids: Hypotheses on novel approach to treat diabetes. J. Med. Hypotheses Ideas 8, 1–6.
Nansy E., Harwoko Pramono S., Nugroho A.E., 2015. Total flavonoid content and in vivo hypotensive effect of chloroform insoluble fraction of Centella asiatica leaf extract. IFRJ 22 (5), 2119–2125.
Neuhouser M.L., 2004. Dietary flavonoids and cancer risk: Evidence from human population studies. Nutr. Canc. 50 (1), 1–7.
Nugroho A.E., Malik A., Pramono S., 2013. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antihypertension activity of purified extract of Indonesian cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.). IFRJ 20 (1), 299–305.
Olubobokun T.H., Aluko E.O., Iyare E.E., Anyaehie U.B., 2013. Dioscorea alata L. reduces body weight by reducing food intake and fasting blood glucose level. Brit. J. Med. Med. Res. 3 (4), 1871–1880.
Özçelik B., Deliorman Orhan D., Özgen S., Ergun F., 2008. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 7 (4), 1151–1157.
Piasek A., Bartoszek A., Namieśnik J., 2009. Substancje pochodzenia roślinnego przeciwdziałają-ce kardiotoksyczności towarzyszącej chemioterapii nowotworów. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 63, 142–158.
Piątkowska E., Kopeć A., Leszczyńska T., 2011. Antocyjany – charakterystyka, występowanie i oddziaływanie na organizm człowieka. Żywn. Nauka Technol. Jakość 4 (77), 24 –35.
Romagnolo D.F., Selmin O.I., 2012. Flavonoids and cancer prevention: a review of the evidence. J. Nutr. Gerontol. Geriatr. 31 (3), 206–238.
Rosida, Harijono, Estiasih T., Sriwahyuni E., 2016. Hypoglycemic effect of modified water yam flour (Dioscorea alata) on diabetic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). J. Food Nutr. Res. 4 (1), 20–25.
Saikia L.R., Upadhyaya S., 2011. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid content of some less known medicinal plants of Assam. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 2 (2), 383–388.
Sakthidevi G., Mohan V.R., 2013. Total phenolic, flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Dioscorea alata l. tuber. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 5 (5), 115–119.
Sharififar F., Dehghn-Nudeh G., Mirtajaldini M., 2009. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chem. 112, 885–888.
Siddique N.A., Mujeeb M., Najmi A.K., Akram M., 2010. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, quantitative estimation of phenols and flavonoids in different parts of Aegle marmelos. Afr. J. Plant Sci. 4 (1), 1–5.
Silva M.C. da, Paiva S.R., 2012. Antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 84 (3), 609–616.
Stefek M., 2011. Natural flavonoids as potential multifunctional agents in prevention of diabetic cataract. Interdiscip. Toxicol. 4 (2), 69–77.
Stolarzewicz I.A., Ciekom J., Fabiszewska A.U., Białecka-Florjańczyk E., 2013. Roślinne i mikrobiologiczne źródła przeciwutleniaczy. Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 67, 1359–1373.
Sulaiman M., Tijani H.I., Abubakar B.M., Haruna S., Hindatu Y., Mohammed J.N., Idris A., 2013. An overview of natural plant antioxidants: analysis and evaluation. Adv. Biochem. 1 (4),
64–72.
Sultana B., Anwar F., 2008. Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Food Chem. 108, 879–884.
Taleb-Contini S.H., Salvador M.J., Watanabe E., Ito I.Y., Rodrigues de Oliveira D.C., 2003. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids and steroids isolated from two Chromolaena species. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 39 (4), 403–408.
Xie Y., Yang W., Tang F., Chen X., Ren L., 2015. Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Curr. Med. Chem. 22, 132–149.
RENATA NURZYŃSKA-WIERDAK
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
Katedra Warzywnictwa i Roślin Leczniczych, Wydział Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie, ul. S. Leszczyńskiego 58, 20-068 Lublin
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